Erythema multiforme major

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Erythema multiforme major
Confluent epidermal necrosis
Synonyms
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Target lesions, mucosal involvement, fever, malaise
Complications	Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis
Onset	Sudden
Duration	2–4 weeks
Types	N/A
Causes	Infections, medications
Risks	Herpes simplex virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, certain antibiotics, anticonvulsants
Diagnosis	Clinical diagnosis, skin biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, urticaria, pemphigus
Prevention	Avoidance of known triggers
Treatment	Corticosteroids, antihistamines, analgesics, antiviral medications
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Generally good, but depends on severity and complications
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Erythema multiforme major is a form of skin disease that is characterized by the sudden onset of red, target-like spots or patches on the skin. It is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Causes

The exact cause of erythema multiforme major is unknown, but it is often associated with infections, particularly herpes simplex virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. It can also be triggered by certain medications, including sulfa drugs, penicillins, barbiturates, and phenytoin.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of erythema multiforme major is the sudden onset of red, target-like spots or patches on the skin. These spots often start on the extremities and spread towards the center of the body. Other symptoms may include fever, general ill feeling, itching of the skin, joint aches, and abnormal leukocyte count.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of erythema multiforme major is typically based on the characteristic appearance of the skin lesions. Additional tests may be performed to rule out other conditions and to identify any underlying causes. These tests may include a skin biopsy, blood tests, and tests for specific infections.

Treatment

Treatment for erythema multiforme major is primarily supportive and aimed at relieving symptoms. This may include the use of corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, antihistamines to relieve itching, and pain medications to manage discomfort. If an underlying infection is identified, appropriate antibiotics or antiviral medications may be prescribed.

Prognosis

The prognosis for erythema multiforme major varies depending on the severity of the condition and the individual's overall health. With appropriate treatment, most people recover within 2 to 6 weeks. However, the condition can recur, particularly in individuals with herpes simplex virus.

See also

• Erythema multiforme minor
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome
• Toxic epidermal necrolysis

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