Feline immunodeficiency virus

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus that affects cats worldwide. It is in the same family as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and causes a disease in cats similar to AIDS in humans. FIV compromises the immune system, making the infected cat more susceptible to various infections and diseases.

Transmission

FIV is primarily transmitted through bite wounds, as the virus is present in the saliva of infected cats. It can also be transmitted from an infected mother to her kittens during birth or through breastfeeding. However, casual contact such as grooming or sharing food bowls is unlikely to spread the virus.

Symptoms

The symptoms of FIV can vary widely and may not appear until years after the initial infection. Common symptoms include:

• Fever
• Lethargy
• Weight loss
• Gingivitis and stomatitis
• Chronic infections
• Neurological disorders

Diagnosis

FIV is diagnosed through blood tests that detect the presence of antibodies to the virus. The most common tests are the ELISA and Western blot tests. It is important to confirm a positive result with a second test, as false positives can occur.

Treatment

There is no cure for FIV, but infected cats can live long, healthy lives with proper care. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing secondary infections. This may include:

• Regular veterinary check-ups
• Antibiotics for bacterial infections
• Antiviral drugs
• Nutritional support

Prevention

Preventing FIV involves minimizing exposure to infected cats. Keeping cats indoors and away from potential fights with other cats can reduce the risk of transmission. There is a vaccine available, but its efficacy is debated, and it may interfere with future FIV testing.

See also

• Feline leukemia virus
• Retrovirus
• Zoonosis

External links

• CDC - Healthy Pets, Healthy People
• American Veterinary Medical Association