Polyurethane

Polyurethane is a type of polymer that is primarily used in the production of foams, elastomers, and coatings. It was first developed in the 1930s by Otto Bayer and his team at IG Farben, and has since become a key material in a wide range of industries.

History

Polyurethane was first synthesized in 1937 by Otto Bayer and his team at IG Farben, a German chemical company. The first polyurethanes were polyester-based, and were used primarily as adhesives and coatings. In the 1950s, polyurethane foams were developed, and quickly became popular for use in furniture and insulation.

Production

Polyurethane is produced by reacting a polyol (a type of alcohol with multiple hydroxyl groups) with a diisocyanate (a type of compound with two isocyanate groups). The reaction produces a polymer with urethane links, hence the name "polyurethane". The properties of the resulting polyurethane can be adjusted by varying the types of polyols and diisocyanates used.

Uses

Polyurethane is used in a wide range of applications, including:

• Foams: Polyurethane foam is used in furniture, mattresses, car seats, and insulation.
• Elastomers: Polyurethane elastomers are used in items such as shoes, rollers for skateboards and rollerblades, and in industrial applications.
• Coatings: Polyurethane coatings are used to provide a protective and decorative layer on surfaces such as wood, metal, and plastic.
• Adhesives: Polyurethane adhesives are used in a variety of applications, including in the construction and automotive industries.

Health and safety

Exposure to polyurethane can cause a range of health effects, including irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, and asthma in some individuals. It is therefore important to handle polyurethane products with care, and to use appropriate protective equipment when working with these materials.

See also

• Polymer
• Foam
• Elastomer
• Coating
• Adhesive

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