Supraventricular tachycardia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Supraventricular tachycardia | |||
| image = [[File:SVT_Lead_II-2.jpg|left|thumb|ECG showing supraventricular tachycardia]] | |||
| caption = ECG showing supraventricular tachycardia | |||
| field = [[Cardiology]] | |||
| synonyms = SVT, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) | |||
| symptoms = [[Palpitations]], [[dizziness]], [[shortness of breath]], [[chest pain]] | |||
| complications = [[Heart failure]], [[syncope]] | |||
| onset = Sudden | |||
| duration = Minutes to hours | |||
| causes = [[Re-entry circuit]], [[accessory pathway]] | |||
| risks = [[Caffeine]], [[alcohol]], [[stress]], [[smoking]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Electrocardiogram]] (ECG), [[Holter monitor]] | |||
| differential = [[Atrial fibrillation]], [[ventricular tachycardia]] | |||
| treatment = [[Vagal maneuvers]], [[medications]], [[catheter ablation]] | |||
| medication = [[Beta blockers]], [[calcium channel blockers]], [[adenosine]] | |||
| frequency = 2.25 per 1000 people per year | |||
| deaths = Rare | |||
}} | |||
[[File:SVT_overview_(CardioNetworks_ECGpedia).svg|thumb|Overview of supraventricular tachycardia]] | |||
[[File:SV_Tachycardia_marked.jpg|left|thumb|Marked supraventricular tachycardia]] | |||
[[File:SVT2012.jpg|left|thumb|Supraventricular tachycardia ECG]] | |||
[[File:A-fib.png|thumb|left|Atrial fibrillation]] | |||
[[File:Heart_conduct_sinus.gif|thumb|Heart conduction in sinus rhythm]] | |||
[[File:Heart_conduct_atrialfib.gif|thumb|Heart conduction in atrial fibrillation]] | |||
[[Supraventricular tachycardia]] (SVT) represents a group of [[arrhythmias]], or irregular heart rhythms, characterized by a heart rate exceeding the typical range and originating from cardiac tissue above the level of the [[ventricles]]. This means the abnormal rhythm arises either from the atria or the atrioventricular (AV) node. | [[Supraventricular tachycardia]] (SVT) represents a group of [[arrhythmias]], or irregular heart rhythms, characterized by a heart rate exceeding the typical range and originating from cardiac tissue above the level of the [[ventricles]]. This means the abnormal rhythm arises either from the atria or the atrioventricular (AV) node. | ||
=== Etiology and Pathophysiology === | === Etiology and Pathophysiology === | ||
SVT typically results from faulty electrical activity in the heart. While several factors may contribute to its development, SVT commonly stems from a reentrant pathway, where the electrical impulses circularly move through the heart's conduction system, or an ectopic pacemaker, where a site other than the sinus node initiates the electrical signal. | SVT typically results from faulty electrical activity in the heart. While several factors may contribute to its development, SVT commonly stems from a reentrant pathway, where the electrical impulses circularly move through the heart's conduction system, or an ectopic pacemaker, where a site other than the sinus node initiates the electrical signal. | ||
=== Clinical Presentation === | === Clinical Presentation === | ||
Symptoms of SVT can vary, ranging from almost unnoticed to debilitating. Common symptoms include palpitations, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, and light-headedness. In extreme cases, it can lead to unconsciousness or cardiac arrest, though this is rare. | Symptoms of SVT can vary, ranging from almost unnoticed to debilitating. Common symptoms include palpitations, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, and light-headedness. In extreme cases, it can lead to unconsciousness or cardiac arrest, though this is rare. | ||
=== Diagnosis === | === Diagnosis === | ||
The primary tool for diagnosing SVT is an [[electrocardiogram]] (ECG), which records the electrical activity of the heart. In SVT, the ECG typically shows a rapid heart rate and narrow QRS complexes, but aberrant conduction or preexcitation may sometimes be present. Additional diagnostic tools can include Holter monitoring, exercise stress testing, and electrophysiological study. | The primary tool for diagnosing SVT is an [[electrocardiogram]] (ECG), which records the electrical activity of the heart. In SVT, the ECG typically shows a rapid heart rate and narrow QRS complexes, but aberrant conduction or preexcitation may sometimes be present. Additional diagnostic tools can include Holter monitoring, exercise stress testing, and electrophysiological study. | ||
=== Treatment and Management === | === Treatment and Management === | ||
The management of SVT aims at controlling the heart rate, preventing recurrences, and managing potential complications. Initial treatment options can include vagal maneuvers or medications that slow the heart rate such as beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers. In cases where these approaches are ineffective or if the patient has recurrent episodes, catheter ablation may be considered. This procedure targets and destroys the abnormal electrical pathways causing SVT. | The management of SVT aims at controlling the heart rate, preventing recurrences, and managing potential complications. Initial treatment options can include vagal maneuvers or medications that slow the heart rate such as beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers. In cases where these approaches are ineffective or if the patient has recurrent episodes, catheter ablation may be considered. This procedure targets and destroys the abnormal electrical pathways causing SVT. | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Arrhythmia]] | * [[Arrhythmia]] | ||
| Line 23: | Line 44: | ||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
[[Category:Cardiac Arrhythmias]] | [[Category:Cardiac Arrhythmias]] | ||
[[Category:Clinical Medicine]] | [[Category:Clinical Medicine]]]] | ||
Revision as of 04:23, 14 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Supraventricular tachycardia | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | SVT, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, chest pain |
| Complications | Heart failure, syncope |
| Onset | Sudden |
| Duration | Minutes to hours |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Re-entry circuit, accessory pathway |
| Risks | Caffeine, alcohol, stress, smoking |
| Diagnosis | Electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter monitor |
| Differential diagnosis | Atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Vagal maneuvers, medications, catheter ablation |
| Medication | Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, adenosine |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | 2.25 per 1000 people per year |
| Deaths | Rare |
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) represents a group of arrhythmias, or irregular heart rhythms, characterized by a heart rate exceeding the typical range and originating from cardiac tissue above the level of the ventricles. This means the abnormal rhythm arises either from the atria or the atrioventricular (AV) node.
Etiology and Pathophysiology
SVT typically results from faulty electrical activity in the heart. While several factors may contribute to its development, SVT commonly stems from a reentrant pathway, where the electrical impulses circularly move through the heart's conduction system, or an ectopic pacemaker, where a site other than the sinus node initiates the electrical signal.
Clinical Presentation
Symptoms of SVT can vary, ranging from almost unnoticed to debilitating. Common symptoms include palpitations, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, and light-headedness. In extreme cases, it can lead to unconsciousness or cardiac arrest, though this is rare.
Diagnosis
The primary tool for diagnosing SVT is an electrocardiogram (ECG), which records the electrical activity of the heart. In SVT, the ECG typically shows a rapid heart rate and narrow QRS complexes, but aberrant conduction or preexcitation may sometimes be present. Additional diagnostic tools can include Holter monitoring, exercise stress testing, and electrophysiological study.
Treatment and Management
The management of SVT aims at controlling the heart rate, preventing recurrences, and managing potential complications. Initial treatment options can include vagal maneuvers or medications that slow the heart rate such as beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers. In cases where these approaches are ineffective or if the patient has recurrent episodes, catheter ablation may be considered. This procedure targets and destroys the abnormal electrical pathways causing SVT.
See Also
References
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