Upper respiratory tract infection: Difference between revisions
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An '''upper respiratory tract infection''' (URTI) is an illness caused by an acute infection that involves the upper respiratory tract, including the [[nose]], [[sinuses]], [[pharynx]], or [[larynx]]. This type of infection is commonly referred to as the [[common cold]], although it can encompass a variety of other conditions such as [[sinusitis]], [[pharyngitis]], and [[laryngitis]]. | An '''upper respiratory tract infection''' (URTI) is an illness caused by an acute infection that involves the upper respiratory tract, including the [[nose]], [[sinuses]], [[pharynx]], or [[larynx]]. This type of infection is commonly referred to as the [[common cold]], although it can encompass a variety of other conditions such as [[sinusitis]], [[pharyngitis]], and [[laryngitis]]. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
[[File:Cold_symptoms_cdc.jpg|Common symptoms of a cold|left|thumb]] | [[File:Cold_symptoms_cdc.jpg|left|thumb|Common symptoms of a cold|left|thumb]] | ||
The symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection can vary depending on the specific area affected and the causative agent. Common symptoms include: | The symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection can vary depending on the specific area affected and the causative agent. Common symptoms include: | ||
* [[Cough]] | * [[Cough]] | ||
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Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections and are only prescribed if a bacterial infection is confirmed. | Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections and are only prescribed if a bacterial infection is confirmed. | ||
== Epidemiology == | == Epidemiology == | ||
[[File:Upper_respiratory_infections_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg|Global deaths from upper respiratory infections per million persons (2012)|left|thumb]] | [[File:Upper_respiratory_infections_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg|left|thumb|Global deaths from upper respiratory infections per million persons (2012)|left|thumb]] | ||
Upper respiratory tract infections are among the most common illnesses worldwide, affecting people of all ages. They are a leading cause of absenteeism from work and school. The incidence of these infections is higher in children due to their developing immune systems and frequent exposure to other children. | Upper respiratory tract infections are among the most common illnesses worldwide, affecting people of all ages. They are a leading cause of absenteeism from work and school. The incidence of these infections is higher in children due to their developing immune systems and frequent exposure to other children. | ||
[[File:Upper_respiratory_infections_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2002.svg|Disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for upper respiratory infections per 100,000 inhabitants (2002)|left|thumb]] | [[File:Upper_respiratory_infections_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2002.svg|left|thumb|Disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for upper respiratory infections per 100,000 inhabitants (2002)|left|thumb]] | ||
== Prevention == | == Prevention == | ||
Preventive measures include: | Preventive measures include: | ||
Latest revision as of 01:05, 14 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Upper respiratory tract infection | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Common cold, nasopharyngitis, rhinopharyngitis, acute coryza |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Cough, sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, fever |
| Complications | Sinusitis, ear infections, pneumonia |
| Onset | Rapid |
| Duration | 7 to 10 days |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Viral infection |
| Risks | Smoking, air pollution, close contact with infected individuals |
| Diagnosis | Based on symptoms |
| Differential diagnosis | Allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, influenza |
| Prevention | Hand washing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals |
| Treatment | Rest, fluid intake, over-the-counter medications |
| Medication | Analgesics, antipyretics, decongestants |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Very common |
| Deaths | Rare |
An upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is an illness caused by an acute infection that involves the upper respiratory tract, including the nose, sinuses, pharynx, or larynx. This type of infection is commonly referred to as the common cold, although it can encompass a variety of other conditions such as sinusitis, pharyngitis, and laryngitis.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection can vary depending on the specific area affected and the causative agent. Common symptoms include:
These symptoms are typically self-limiting and resolve within a week to ten days. However, complications can occur, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems.
Causes[edit]
Upper respiratory tract infections are primarily caused by viruses, with the most common being the rhinovirus. Other viral agents include coronavirus, adenovirus, and influenza virus. Bacterial infections are less common but can occur, often as secondary infections following a viral illness.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of an upper respiratory tract infection is usually based on clinical symptoms and physical examination. Laboratory tests are not typically required unless a bacterial infection is suspected, in which case a throat culture or rapid antigen detection test may be performed.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for upper respiratory tract infections is generally supportive. This includes:
- Rest
- Hydration
- Over-the-counter medications such as analgesics and antipyretics
- Decongestants and antihistamines for symptomatic relief
Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections and are only prescribed if a bacterial infection is confirmed.
Epidemiology[edit]
Upper respiratory tract infections are among the most common illnesses worldwide, affecting people of all ages. They are a leading cause of absenteeism from work and school. The incidence of these infections is higher in children due to their developing immune systems and frequent exposure to other children.
Prevention[edit]
Preventive measures include:
- Frequent hand washing
- Avoiding close contact with infected individuals
- Maintaining a healthy lifestyle to support the immune system
- Vaccination against influenza and other preventable diseases
