Micrognathism: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Micrognathism | |||
| image = [[File:Mia_-_whs.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Micrognathism in a child with [[Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome]] | |||
| field = [[Medical genetics]] | |||
| synonyms = Micrognathia, mandibular hypoplasia | |||
| symptoms = [[Small jaw]], [[feeding difficulties]], [[breathing difficulties]] | |||
| complications = [[Obstructive sleep apnea]], [[dental malocclusion]] | |||
| onset = Congenital | |||
| duration = Lifelong | |||
| causes = [[Genetic disorders]], [[syndromes]] such as [[Pierre Robin sequence]], [[Treacher Collins syndrome]], [[Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome]] | |||
| risks = [[Family history]], [[genetic mutations]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Physical examination]], [[imaging studies]] | |||
| differential = [[Craniofacial microsomia]], [[achondroplasia]] | |||
| treatment = [[Orthodontic treatment]], [[surgery]] | |||
| frequency = Varies depending on underlying condition | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Inferior maxilla arrest.jpg|left|thumb|Micrognathism]] | |||
[[File:Pitt-rogers-danks syndrome.jpg|left|thumb|Micrognathism]] | |||
[[File:Progeria 2.jpg|left|thumb|Micrognathism]] | |||
[[File:Osseous Deformity Case 6.jpg|thumb|Micrognathism]] | |||
[[File:Schuller 13.jpg|left|thumb|Micrognathism]] | |||
'''Micrognathism''' is a condition characterized by an abnormally small lower jaw, often accompanied by a receding chin. This condition can be present at birth or develop over time. It can cause difficulties with feeding, breathing, and speech. | '''Micrognathism''' is a condition characterized by an abnormally small lower jaw, often accompanied by a receding chin. This condition can be present at birth or develop over time. It can cause difficulties with feeding, breathing, and speech. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Micrognathism can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic conditions, growth disorders, and environmental factors. Some of the most common causes include: | Micrognathism can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic conditions, growth disorders, and environmental factors. Some of the most common causes include: | ||
* [[Genetic disorders]]: Certain genetic conditions, such as [[Pierre Robin sequence]], [[Treacher Collins syndrome]], and [[Progeria]], can cause micrognathism. | * [[Genetic disorders]]: Certain genetic conditions, such as [[Pierre Robin sequence]], [[Treacher Collins syndrome]], and [[Progeria]], can cause micrognathism. | ||
* [[Growth disorders]]: Conditions that affect the body's growth and development, such as [[Turner syndrome]] and [[Russell-Silver syndrome]], can also cause micrognathism. | * [[Growth disorders]]: Conditions that affect the body's growth and development, such as [[Turner syndrome]] and [[Russell-Silver syndrome]], can also cause micrognathism. | ||
* [[Environmental factors]]: Exposure to certain substances or conditions during pregnancy, such as alcohol, drugs, or radiation, can affect the development of the jaw and lead to micrognathism. | * [[Environmental factors]]: Exposure to certain substances or conditions during pregnancy, such as alcohol, drugs, or radiation, can affect the development of the jaw and lead to micrognathism. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The primary symptom of micrognathism is a noticeably smaller lower jaw. Other symptoms can include: | The primary symptom of micrognathism is a noticeably smaller lower jaw. Other symptoms can include: | ||
* Difficulty feeding | * Difficulty feeding | ||
* Breathing problems | * Breathing problems | ||
* Speech difficulties | * Speech difficulties | ||
* Dental problems, such as [[malocclusion]] (misalignment of the teeth) | * Dental problems, such as [[malocclusion]] (misalignment of the teeth) | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Micrognathism is typically diagnosed through a physical examination. Doctors may also use imaging tests, such as X-rays or CT scans, to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the condition. | Micrognathism is typically diagnosed through a physical examination. Doctors may also use imaging tests, such as X-rays or CT scans, to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the condition. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment for micrognathism depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of any associated symptoms or conditions. Treatment options can include: | Treatment for micrognathism depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of any associated symptoms or conditions. Treatment options can include: | ||
* [[Orthodontic treatment]]: This can help to correct dental problems associated with micrognathism. | * [[Orthodontic treatment]]: This can help to correct dental problems associated with micrognathism. | ||
* [[Surgery]]: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the size and position of the jaw. | * [[Surgery]]: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the size and position of the jaw. | ||
* [[Speech therapy]]: This can help to address any speech difficulties caused by the condition. | * [[Speech therapy]]: This can help to address any speech difficulties caused by the condition. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Mandibular hypoplasia]] | * [[Mandibular hypoplasia]] | ||
* [[Retrognathia]] | * [[Retrognathia]] | ||
* [[Orthognathic surgery]] | * [[Orthognathic surgery]] | ||
[[Category:Congenital disorders]] | [[Category:Congenital disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Oral and maxillofacial surgery]] | [[Category:Oral and maxillofacial surgery]] | ||
[[Category:Genetic disorders]] | [[Category:Genetic disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Rare diseases]] | [[Category:Rare diseases]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 00:55, 14 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Micrognathism | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Micrognathia, mandibular hypoplasia |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Small jaw, feeding difficulties, breathing difficulties |
| Complications | Obstructive sleep apnea, dental malocclusion |
| Onset | Congenital |
| Duration | Lifelong |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic disorders, syndromes such as Pierre Robin sequence, Treacher Collins syndrome, Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome |
| Risks | Family history, genetic mutations |
| Diagnosis | Physical examination, imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | Craniofacial microsomia, achondroplasia |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Orthodontic treatment, surgery |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Varies depending on underlying condition |
| Deaths | N/A |
Micrognathism is a condition characterized by an abnormally small lower jaw, often accompanied by a receding chin. This condition can be present at birth or develop over time. It can cause difficulties with feeding, breathing, and speech.
Causes[edit]
Micrognathism can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic conditions, growth disorders, and environmental factors. Some of the most common causes include:
- Genetic disorders: Certain genetic conditions, such as Pierre Robin sequence, Treacher Collins syndrome, and Progeria, can cause micrognathism.
- Growth disorders: Conditions that affect the body's growth and development, such as Turner syndrome and Russell-Silver syndrome, can also cause micrognathism.
- Environmental factors: Exposure to certain substances or conditions during pregnancy, such as alcohol, drugs, or radiation, can affect the development of the jaw and lead to micrognathism.
Symptoms[edit]
The primary symptom of micrognathism is a noticeably smaller lower jaw. Other symptoms can include:
- Difficulty feeding
- Breathing problems
- Speech difficulties
- Dental problems, such as malocclusion (misalignment of the teeth)
Diagnosis[edit]
Micrognathism is typically diagnosed through a physical examination. Doctors may also use imaging tests, such as X-rays or CT scans, to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the condition.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for micrognathism depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of any associated symptoms or conditions. Treatment options can include:
- Orthodontic treatment: This can help to correct dental problems associated with micrognathism.
- Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the size and position of the jaw.
- Speech therapy: This can help to address any speech difficulties caused by the condition.
