Pernicious anemia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Pernicious anemia | |||
| image = [[File:Metaplastic_atrophic_gastritis_-_body_-_chromogranin_A_--_intermed_mag.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Micrograph of [[metaplastic atrophic gastritis]], the underlying cause of pernicious anemia. [[Chromogranin A]] immunostain. | |||
| field = [[Hematology]] | |||
| synonyms = [[Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Fatigue (medical)|Fatigue]], [[pallor]], [[shortness of breath]], [[dizziness]], [[neuropathy]], [[glossitis]] | |||
| complications = [[Neurological disorders]], [[gastric cancer]] | |||
| onset = Gradual | |||
| duration = Long term | |||
| causes = [[Autoimmune gastritis]], [[Vitamin B12 deficiency]] | |||
| risks = [[Family history]], [[autoimmune disorders]], [[Northern European descent]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood test]], [[serum vitamin B12 level]], [[anti-intrinsic factor antibodies]] | |||
| differential = [[Folate deficiency anemia]], [[iron deficiency anemia]], [[myelodysplastic syndrome]] | |||
| prevention = None | |||
| treatment = [[Vitamin B12 supplementation]] | |||
| medication = [[Cyanocobalamin]], [[hydroxocobalamin]] | |||
| prognosis = Good with treatment | |||
| frequency = 0.1% of the general population | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Autoimmune_atrophic_gastritis,_intermed,_mag.jpg|Autoimmune atrophic gastritis|thumb|left]] | |||
[[File:GASTRIC_PARIETAL_CELL_ANTIBODIES.jpg|Gastric parietal cell antibodies|thumb|left]] | |||
[[File:Hydroxocobalamin_Injection.jpg|Hydroxocobalamin Injection|thumb|left]] | |||
[[File:Advert,_treatment_for_pernicious_anaemia,_1930_Wellcome_L0035380.jpg|Advert, treatment for pernicious anaemia, 1930|thumb|left]] | |||
'''Pernicious anemia''' is a type of [[anemia]] that results from the body's inability to absorb [[vitamin B12]] from the gastrointestinal tract. This condition is also known as '''Addison's anemia''' or '''Biermer's anemia'''. | '''Pernicious anemia''' is a type of [[anemia]] that results from the body's inability to absorb [[vitamin B12]] from the gastrointestinal tract. This condition is also known as '''Addison's anemia''' or '''Biermer's anemia'''. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of [[intrinsic factor]], a protein produced by the stomach that is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12. This can occur due to an [[autoimmune disease]] where the body's immune system attacks the cells in the stomach that produce intrinsic factor. Other causes can include [[surgery]] that removes part of the stomach or small intestine, and certain conditions that affect the small intestine, such as [[Crohn's disease]] or [[celiac disease]]. | Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of [[intrinsic factor]], a protein produced by the stomach that is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12. This can occur due to an [[autoimmune disease]] where the body's immune system attacks the cells in the stomach that produce intrinsic factor. Other causes can include [[surgery]] that removes part of the stomach or small intestine, and certain conditions that affect the small intestine, such as [[Crohn's disease]] or [[celiac disease]]. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
The symptoms of pernicious anemia can vary, but may include [[fatigue]], [[weakness]], [[pale skin]], [[constipation]], loss of appetite, [[weight loss]], [[numbness]] or [[tingling]] in the hands and feet, [[balance problems]], [[depression]], [[confusion]], [[dementia]], and a sore tongue. | The symptoms of pernicious anemia can vary, but may include [[fatigue]], [[weakness]], [[pale skin]], [[constipation]], loss of appetite, [[weight loss]], [[numbness]] or [[tingling]] in the hands and feet, [[balance problems]], [[depression]], [[confusion]], [[dementia]], and a sore tongue. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Pernicious anemia is diagnosed through a series of tests. These may include a [[complete blood count]] (CBC) to check the number and appearance of red blood cells, a test to measure the level of vitamin B12 in the blood, and a test to measure the level of intrinsic factor antibodies. | Pernicious anemia is diagnosed through a series of tests. These may include a [[complete blood count]] (CBC) to check the number and appearance of red blood cells, a test to measure the level of vitamin B12 in the blood, and a test to measure the level of intrinsic factor antibodies. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
The treatment for pernicious anemia is lifelong replacement of vitamin B12. This can be done through regular injections of the vitamin or high-dose oral supplements. In some cases, dietary changes may also be recommended. | The treatment for pernicious anemia is lifelong replacement of vitamin B12. This can be done through regular injections of the vitamin or high-dose oral supplements. In some cases, dietary changes may also be recommended. | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
With treatment, people with pernicious anemia can lead a normal life. However, if left untreated, the condition can lead to serious complications, including [[heart disease]] and [[neurological problems]]. | With treatment, people with pernicious anemia can lead a normal life. However, if left untreated, the condition can lead to serious complications, including [[heart disease]] and [[neurological problems]]. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Anemia]] | * [[Anemia]] | ||
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* [[Intrinsic factor]] | * [[Intrinsic factor]] | ||
* [[Autoimmune disease]] | * [[Autoimmune disease]] | ||
[[Category:Anemia]] | [[Category:Anemia]] | ||
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | [[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Vitamin deficiencies]] | [[Category:Vitamin deficiencies]] | ||
[[Category:Gastrointestinal diseases]] | [[Category:Gastrointestinal diseases]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 10:14, 13 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Pernicious anemia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath, dizziness, neuropathy, glossitis |
| Complications | Neurological disorders, gastric cancer |
| Onset | Gradual |
| Duration | Long term |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Autoimmune gastritis, Vitamin B12 deficiency |
| Risks | Family history, autoimmune disorders, Northern European descent |
| Diagnosis | Blood test, serum vitamin B12 level, anti-intrinsic factor antibodies |
| Differential diagnosis | Folate deficiency anemia, iron deficiency anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome |
| Prevention | None |
| Treatment | Vitamin B12 supplementation |
| Medication | Cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin |
| Prognosis | Good with treatment |
| Frequency | 0.1% of the general population |
| Deaths | N/A |
Pernicious anemia is a type of anemia that results from the body's inability to absorb vitamin B12 from the gastrointestinal tract. This condition is also known as Addison's anemia or Biermer's anemia.
Causes[edit]
Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of intrinsic factor, a protein produced by the stomach that is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12. This can occur due to an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks the cells in the stomach that produce intrinsic factor. Other causes can include surgery that removes part of the stomach or small intestine, and certain conditions that affect the small intestine, such as Crohn's disease or celiac disease.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of pernicious anemia can vary, but may include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, constipation, loss of appetite, weight loss, numbness or tingling in the hands and feet, balance problems, depression, confusion, dementia, and a sore tongue.
Diagnosis[edit]
Pernicious anemia is diagnosed through a series of tests. These may include a complete blood count (CBC) to check the number and appearance of red blood cells, a test to measure the level of vitamin B12 in the blood, and a test to measure the level of intrinsic factor antibodies.
Treatment[edit]
The treatment for pernicious anemia is lifelong replacement of vitamin B12. This can be done through regular injections of the vitamin or high-dose oral supplements. In some cases, dietary changes may also be recommended.
Prognosis[edit]
With treatment, people with pernicious anemia can lead a normal life. However, if left untreated, the condition can lead to serious complications, including heart disease and neurological problems.
