Neonatal infection

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Neonatal infection
Synonyms	Neonatal sepsis, Neonatal septicemia
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Fever, hypothermia, lethargy, poor feeding, respiratory distress
Complications	Meningitis, pneumonia, septic shock
Onset	Within the first 28 days of life
Duration	Varies depending on the infection and treatment
Types	N/A
Causes	Bacterial infection, viral infection, fungal infection
Risks	Premature birth, low birth weight, prolonged rupture of membranes, maternal infection
Diagnosis	Blood culture, lumbar puncture, chest X-ray
Differential diagnosis	Transient tachypnea of the newborn, respiratory distress syndrome, congenital heart disease
Prevention	Maternal screening, antibiotic prophylaxis, hygiene practices
Treatment	Antibiotics, antiviral drugs, supportive care
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Varies; early treatment improves outcomes
Frequency	Common in neonatal intensive care units
Deaths	N/A

Chorioamnionitis under intermediate magnification

Neonatal infections and other perinatal conditions world map

Neonatal infection is an infection that occurs in a newborn infant. This can include infections that the baby acquires during delivery, as well as those that develop in the first days or weeks of life. Neonatal infections can be particularly dangerous, as a newborn's immune system is not fully developed and they are more susceptible to serious complications from infections.

Causes

Neonatal infections can be caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Some of the most common causes include Group B streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. These organisms can be passed from the mother to the baby during delivery, or the baby can acquire them from the environment after birth.

Symptoms

The symptoms of a neonatal infection can vary depending on the specific organism causing the infection. However, common symptoms can include fever, difficulty feeding, irritability, lethargy, and a change in skin color. In severe cases, the baby may also have difficulty breathing or show signs of sepsis, such as a rapid heart rate and low blood pressure.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a neonatal infection typically involves a physical examination and laboratory tests. The doctor may order a blood test to check for the presence of bacteria or other organisms in the baby's blood. Other tests, such as a lumbar puncture or urine test, may also be necessary.

Treatment

Treatment for a neonatal infection typically involves antibiotics or other medications to fight the infection. The specific medication used will depend on the type of organism causing the infection. In severe cases, the baby may need to be hospitalized for treatment.

Prevention

Prevention of neonatal infections can involve a variety of strategies, including good hygiene practices, screening and treatment of pregnant women for certain infections, and immunization of the baby after birth.

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