Status epilepticus: Difference between revisions
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'''Status epilepticus''' is a type of [[epilepsy]] that is characterized by continuous or recurrent [[seizure]]s. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Status epilepticus | |||
| image = [[File:Spike-waves.png|left|thumb|EEG showing spike-and-wave activity]] | |||
| caption = EEG showing spike-and-wave activity typical of status epilepticus | |||
| field = [[Neurology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Seizure]], [[confusion]], [[unconsciousness]] | |||
| complications = [[Brain damage]], [[death]] | |||
| onset = Sudden | |||
| duration = More than 5 minutes | |||
| types = [[Convulsive status epilepticus]], [[non-convulsive status epilepticus]] | |||
| causes = [[Epilepsy]], [[stroke]], [[head injury]], [[infection]], [[alcohol withdrawal]] | |||
| risks = [[Epilepsy]], [[brain injury]], [[alcoholism]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Electroencephalogram|EEG]], [[clinical observation]] | |||
| differential = [[Seizure]], [[syncope]], [[psychogenic non-epileptic seizures]] | |||
| treatment = [[Benzodiazepines]], [[antiepileptic drugs]], [[intensive care]] | |||
| medication = [[Lorazepam]], [[diazepam]], [[phenytoin]], [[levetiracetam]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on cause and treatment | |||
| frequency = 40 per 100,000 people per year | |||
| deaths = 20% mortality rate if untreated | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Rectalvalium.jpg|Rectal valium|thumb|left]] | |||
'''Status epilepticus''' is a type of [[epilepsy]] that is characterized by continuous or recurrent [[seizure]]s. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. | |||
== Definition == | == Definition == | ||
[[Status epilepticus]] is defined as a seizure that lasts for more than five minutes, or two or more seizures within a five-minute period without the person returning to normal between them. | [[Status epilepticus]] is defined as a seizure that lasts for more than five minutes, or two or more seizures within a five-minute period without the person returning to normal between them. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
The causes of status epilepticus can be divided into two categories: known and unknown. Known causes include [[stroke]], [[trauma]], [[infection]], and [[metabolic disorders]]. Unknown causes are those where no specific cause can be identified. | The causes of status epilepticus can be divided into two categories: known and unknown. Known causes include [[stroke]], [[trauma]], [[infection]], and [[metabolic disorders]]. Unknown causes are those where no specific cause can be identified. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
The symptoms of status epilepticus can vary depending on the type of seizure. They can include [[convulsion]]s, loss of consciousness, and abnormal behavior. | The symptoms of status epilepticus can vary depending on the type of seizure. They can include [[convulsion]]s, loss of consciousness, and abnormal behavior. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
The treatment of status epilepticus involves stopping the seizure as quickly as possible and treating the underlying cause. This can involve the use of [[antiepileptic drugs]], [[sedatives]], and other treatments. | The treatment of status epilepticus involves stopping the seizure as quickly as possible and treating the underlying cause. This can involve the use of [[antiepileptic drugs]], [[sedatives]], and other treatments. | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
The prognosis for status epilepticus can vary depending on the underlying cause and the person's overall health. In some cases, it can be life-threatening. | The prognosis for status epilepticus can vary depending on the underlying cause and the person's overall health. In some cases, it can be life-threatening. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Epilepsy]] | * [[Epilepsy]] | ||
* [[Seizure]] | * [[Seizure]] | ||
* [[Convulsion]] | * [[Convulsion]] | ||
[[Category:Neurological disorders]] | [[Category:Neurological disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Epilepsy]] | [[Category:Epilepsy]] | ||
[[Category:Medical emergencies]] | [[Category:Medical emergencies]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
* [https://www.epilepsy.com/learn/types-seizures/status-epilepticus Epilepsy Foundation: Status Epilepticus] | * [https://www.epilepsy.com/learn/types-seizures/status-epilepticus Epilepsy Foundation: Status Epilepticus] | ||
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024778/ PubMed Health: Status Epilepticus] | * [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024778/ PubMed Health: Status Epilepticus] | ||
== Further reading == | == Further reading == | ||
* Shorvon, S. (2001). ''Status Epilepticus: Its Clinical Features and Treatment in Children and Adults''. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58117-0. | * Shorvon, S. (2001). ''Status Epilepticus: Its Clinical Features and Treatment in Children and Adults''. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58117-0. | ||
* Trinka, E., & Höfler, J. (2015). ''Status epilepticus: A critical review''. Epilepsy & Behavior, 49, 86-91. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.04.044. | * Trinka, E., & Höfler, J. (2015). ''Status epilepticus: A critical review''. Epilepsy & Behavior, 49, 86-91. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.04.044. | ||
Latest revision as of 14:45, 9 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Status epilepticus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Seizure, confusion, unconsciousness |
| Complications | Brain damage, death |
| Onset | Sudden |
| Duration | More than 5 minutes |
| Types | Convulsive status epilepticus, non-convulsive status epilepticus |
| Causes | Epilepsy, stroke, head injury, infection, alcohol withdrawal |
| Risks | Epilepsy, brain injury, alcoholism |
| Diagnosis | EEG, clinical observation |
| Differential diagnosis | Seizure, syncope, psychogenic non-epileptic seizures |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Benzodiazepines, antiepileptic drugs, intensive care |
| Medication | Lorazepam, diazepam, phenytoin, levetiracetam |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on cause and treatment |
| Frequency | 40 per 100,000 people per year |
| Deaths | 20% mortality rate if untreated |
Status epilepticus is a type of epilepsy that is characterized by continuous or recurrent seizures. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.
Definition[edit]
Status epilepticus is defined as a seizure that lasts for more than five minutes, or two or more seizures within a five-minute period without the person returning to normal between them.
Causes[edit]
The causes of status epilepticus can be divided into two categories: known and unknown. Known causes include stroke, trauma, infection, and metabolic disorders. Unknown causes are those where no specific cause can be identified.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of status epilepticus can vary depending on the type of seizure. They can include convulsions, loss of consciousness, and abnormal behavior.
Treatment[edit]
The treatment of status epilepticus involves stopping the seizure as quickly as possible and treating the underlying cause. This can involve the use of antiepileptic drugs, sedatives, and other treatments.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for status epilepticus can vary depending on the underlying cause and the person's overall health. In some cases, it can be life-threatening.
See also[edit]
 | |
|---|---|
 |
 |
References[edit]
<references />
External links[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- Shorvon, S. (2001). Status Epilepticus: Its Clinical Features and Treatment in Children and Adults. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58117-0.
- Trinka, E., & Höfler, J. (2015). Status epilepticus: A critical review. Epilepsy & Behavior, 49, 86-91. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.04.044.
