Periampullary cancer: Difference between revisions
From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia
CSV import |
CSV import Tags: mobile edit mobile web edit |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{SI}} | |||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Periampullary cancer | |||
| image = [[File:Biliary_system_new.svg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Diagram of the [[biliary system]] | |||
| field = [[Oncology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Jaundice]], [[abdominal pain]], [[weight loss]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]] | |||
| complications = [[Biliary obstruction]], [[pancreatitis]], [[metastasis]] | |||
| onset = Typically in [[adults]] | |||
| duration = Variable, depending on stage and treatment | |||
| types = [[Ampullary cancer]], [[duodenal cancer]], [[distal bile duct cancer]], [[pancreatic cancer]] | |||
| causes = [[Genetic mutations]], [[chronic pancreatitis]], [[smoking]], [[alcohol consumption]] | |||
| risks = [[Family history]], [[age]], [[smoking]], [[obesity]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Endoscopy]], [[biopsy]], [[imaging studies]] ([[CT scan]], [[MRI]], [[ultrasound]]) | |||
| differential = [[Pancreatic cancer]], [[cholangiocarcinoma]], [[duodenal cancer]] | |||
| prevention = [[Healthy diet]], [[regular exercise]], [[avoiding smoking and alcohol]] | |||
| treatment = [[Surgery]], [[chemotherapy]], [[radiation therapy]] | |||
| prognosis = Depends on stage at diagnosis and treatment response | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|Cancer that forms near the ampulla of Vater}} | {{Short description|Cancer that forms near the ampulla of Vater}} | ||
'''Periampullary cancer''' refers to a group of malignancies that arise in the region of the [[ampulla of Vater]], where the [[bile duct]] and [[pancreatic duct]] empty into the [[duodenum]]. This area is anatomically complex and includes the distal bile duct, the ampulla itself, the duodenum, and the head of the [[pancreas]]. | '''Periampullary cancer''' refers to a group of malignancies that arise in the region of the [[ampulla of Vater]], where the [[bile duct]] and [[pancreatic duct]] empty into the [[duodenum]]. This area is anatomically complex and includes the distal bile duct, the ampulla itself, the duodenum, and the head of the [[pancreas]]. | ||
==Types== | ==Types== | ||
Periampullary cancers can be classified based on their origin: | Periampullary cancers can be classified based on their origin: | ||
* '''Ampullary cancer''': Originates from the ampulla of Vater. | * '''Ampullary cancer''': Originates from the ampulla of Vater. | ||
* '''Pancreatic cancer''': Specifically, cancers arising from the head of the pancreas. | * '''Pancreatic cancer''': Specifically, cancers arising from the head of the pancreas. | ||
* '''Distal bile duct cancer''': Arises from the distal portion of the bile duct. | * '''Distal bile duct cancer''': Arises from the distal portion of the bile duct. | ||
* '''Duodenal cancer''': Originates from the duodenum near the ampulla. | * '''Duodenal cancer''': Originates from the duodenum near the ampulla. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The symptoms of periampullary cancer can vary depending on the specific location and type of cancer, but common symptoms include: | The symptoms of periampullary cancer can vary depending on the specific location and type of cancer, but common symptoms include: | ||
* [[Jaundice]]: Yellowing of the skin and eyes due to bile duct obstruction. | * [[Jaundice]]: Yellowing of the skin and eyes due to bile duct obstruction. | ||
* [[Abdominal pain]]: Often in the upper abdomen or back. | * [[Abdominal pain]]: Often in the upper abdomen or back. | ||
| Line 22: | Line 34: | ||
* [[Nausea]] and [[vomiting]]. | * [[Nausea]] and [[vomiting]]. | ||
* [[Pruritus]]: Itching due to bile salt accumulation. | * [[Pruritus]]: Itching due to bile salt accumulation. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of periampullary cancer typically involves a combination of imaging studies and endoscopic procedures: | Diagnosis of periampullary cancer typically involves a combination of imaging studies and endoscopic procedures: | ||
* [[Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography]] (ERCP): Allows for direct visualization and biopsy of the ampulla. | * [[Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography]] (ERCP): Allows for direct visualization and biopsy of the ampulla. | ||
* [[Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography]] (MRCP): Non-invasive imaging of the bile and pancreatic ducts. | * [[Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography]] (MRCP): Non-invasive imaging of the bile and pancreatic ducts. | ||
* [[Computed tomography]] (CT) scan: Provides detailed images of the abdomen. | * [[Computed tomography]] (CT) scan: Provides detailed images of the abdomen. | ||
* [[Endoscopic ultrasound]] (EUS): Useful for assessing the extent of the tumor and obtaining tissue samples. | * [[Endoscopic ultrasound]] (EUS): Useful for assessing the extent of the tumor and obtaining tissue samples. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The primary treatment for periampullary cancer is surgical resection, often involving a procedure known as the [[Whipple procedure]] (pancreaticoduodenectomy). This surgery involves the removal of the head of the pancreas, the duodenum, the gallbladder, and part of the bile duct. | The primary treatment for periampullary cancer is surgical resection, often involving a procedure known as the [[Whipple procedure]] (pancreaticoduodenectomy). This surgery involves the removal of the head of the pancreas, the duodenum, the gallbladder, and part of the bile duct. | ||
Adjuvant therapies may include: | Adjuvant therapies may include: | ||
* [[Chemotherapy]]: To target any remaining cancer cells post-surgery. | * [[Chemotherapy]]: To target any remaining cancer cells post-surgery. | ||
* [[Radiation therapy]]: Sometimes used in conjunction with chemotherapy. | * [[Radiation therapy]]: Sometimes used in conjunction with chemotherapy. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for periampullary cancer varies depending on the type and stage of the cancer at diagnosis. Generally, ampullary cancers have a better prognosis compared to pancreatic cancers due to earlier presentation and resectability. | The prognosis for periampullary cancer varies depending on the type and stage of the cancer at diagnosis. Generally, ampullary cancers have a better prognosis compared to pancreatic cancers due to earlier presentation and resectability. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Pancreatic cancer]] | * [[Pancreatic cancer]] | ||
* [[Bile duct cancer]] | * [[Bile duct cancer]] | ||
* [[Duodenal cancer]] | * [[Duodenal cancer]] | ||
* [[Jaundice]] | * [[Jaundice]] | ||
[[Category:Digestive system neoplasia]] | [[Category:Digestive system neoplasia]] | ||
[[Category:Pancreatic cancer]] | [[Category:Pancreatic cancer]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:37, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Periampullary cancer | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Jaundice, abdominal pain, weight loss, nausea, vomiting |
| Complications | Biliary obstruction, pancreatitis, metastasis |
| Onset | Typically in adults |
| Duration | Variable, depending on stage and treatment |
| Types | Ampullary cancer, duodenal cancer, distal bile duct cancer, pancreatic cancer |
| Causes | Genetic mutations, chronic pancreatitis, smoking, alcohol consumption |
| Risks | Family history, age, smoking, obesity |
| Diagnosis | Endoscopy, biopsy, imaging studies (CT scan, MRI, ultrasound) |
| Differential diagnosis | Pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, duodenal cancer |
| Prevention | Healthy diet, regular exercise, avoiding smoking and alcohol |
| Treatment | Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Depends on stage at diagnosis and treatment response |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Cancer that forms near the ampulla of Vater
Periampullary cancer refers to a group of malignancies that arise in the region of the ampulla of Vater, where the bile duct and pancreatic duct empty into the duodenum. This area is anatomically complex and includes the distal bile duct, the ampulla itself, the duodenum, and the head of the pancreas.
Types[edit]
Periampullary cancers can be classified based on their origin:
- Ampullary cancer: Originates from the ampulla of Vater.
- Pancreatic cancer: Specifically, cancers arising from the head of the pancreas.
- Distal bile duct cancer: Arises from the distal portion of the bile duct.
- Duodenal cancer: Originates from the duodenum near the ampulla.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of periampullary cancer can vary depending on the specific location and type of cancer, but common symptoms include:
- Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes due to bile duct obstruction.
- Abdominal pain: Often in the upper abdomen or back.
- Weight loss: Unintentional and significant.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Pruritus: Itching due to bile salt accumulation.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of periampullary cancer typically involves a combination of imaging studies and endoscopic procedures:
- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): Allows for direct visualization and biopsy of the ampulla.
- Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP): Non-invasive imaging of the bile and pancreatic ducts.
- Computed tomography (CT) scan: Provides detailed images of the abdomen.
- Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS): Useful for assessing the extent of the tumor and obtaining tissue samples.
Treatment[edit]
The primary treatment for periampullary cancer is surgical resection, often involving a procedure known as the Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy). This surgery involves the removal of the head of the pancreas, the duodenum, the gallbladder, and part of the bile duct. Adjuvant therapies may include:
- Chemotherapy: To target any remaining cancer cells post-surgery.
- Radiation therapy: Sometimes used in conjunction with chemotherapy.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for periampullary cancer varies depending on the type and stage of the cancer at diagnosis. Generally, ampullary cancers have a better prognosis compared to pancreatic cancers due to earlier presentation and resectability.
