Primary congenital glaucoma: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Primary congenital glaucoma | |||
| image = [[File:Buphthalmus.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Buphthalmos in a child with primary congenital glaucoma | |||
| field = [[Ophthalmology]] | |||
| synonyms = Buphthalmos, infantile glaucoma | |||
| symptoms = [[Photophobia]], [[epiphora]], [[blepharospasm]], [[corneal edema]], [[enlarged eye]] | |||
| complications = [[Vision loss]], [[optic nerve damage]] | |||
| onset = [[Infancy]] | |||
| duration = [[Chronic (medicine)|Chronic]] | |||
| causes = [[Genetic mutation]] | |||
| risks = [[Family history]], [[genetic predisposition]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Tonometry]], [[gonioscopy]], [[ophthalmoscopy]] | |||
| differential = [[Congenital cataract]], [[retinoblastoma]], [[corneal dystrophy]] | |||
| treatment = [[Surgery]], [[medication]] | |||
| medication = [[Beta blockers]], [[carbonic anhydrase inhibitors]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on early detection and treatment | |||
| frequency = 1 in 10,000 to 20,000 live births | |||
| deaths = Rare, but can lead to significant [[visual impairment]] | |||
}} | |||
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Primary Congenital Glaucoma}} | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Primary Congenital Glaucoma}} | ||
'''Primary congenital glaucoma''' (PCG) is a rare eye condition that occurs in infants and young children. It is characterized by an abnormal development of the eye's drainage system, leading to increased [[intraocular pressure]] (IOP), which can damage the [[optic nerve]] and result in vision loss. | '''Primary congenital glaucoma''' (PCG) is a rare eye condition that occurs in infants and young children. It is characterized by an abnormal development of the eye's drainage system, leading to increased [[intraocular pressure]] (IOP), which can damage the [[optic nerve]] and result in vision loss. | ||
== Pathophysiology == | == Pathophysiology == | ||
Primary congenital glaucoma is caused by developmental anomalies in the [[trabecular meshwork]] and the anterior chamber angle of the eye. These anomalies impede the normal outflow of [[aqueous humor]], leading to elevated intraocular pressure. The increased pressure can cause [[buphthalmos]], or enlargement of the eye, due to the elasticity of the infant's eye tissues. | Primary congenital glaucoma is caused by developmental anomalies in the [[trabecular meshwork]] and the anterior chamber angle of the eye. These anomalies impede the normal outflow of [[aqueous humor]], leading to elevated intraocular pressure. The increased pressure can cause [[buphthalmos]], or enlargement of the eye, due to the elasticity of the infant's eye tissues. | ||
== Clinical Features == | == Clinical Features == | ||
The classic triad of symptoms in primary congenital glaucoma includes: | The classic triad of symptoms in primary congenital glaucoma includes: | ||
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* [[Photophobia]] (sensitivity to light) | * [[Photophobia]] (sensitivity to light) | ||
* [[Blepharospasm]] (involuntary tight closure of the eyelids) | * [[Blepharospasm]] (involuntary tight closure of the eyelids) | ||
Other signs include corneal edema, [[corneal clouding]], and an enlarged corneal diameter. The condition is often bilateral, affecting both eyes. | Other signs include corneal edema, [[corneal clouding]], and an enlarged corneal diameter. The condition is often bilateral, affecting both eyes. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of primary congenital glaucoma is typically made through a combination of clinical examination and diagnostic tests. Key diagnostic procedures include: | Diagnosis of primary congenital glaucoma is typically made through a combination of clinical examination and diagnostic tests. Key diagnostic procedures include: | ||
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* Examination of the anterior chamber angle using [[gonioscopy]] | * Examination of the anterior chamber angle using [[gonioscopy]] | ||
* Assessment of the optic nerve head for signs of damage | * Assessment of the optic nerve head for signs of damage | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
The primary treatment for primary congenital glaucoma is surgical intervention. The most common surgical procedures include: | The primary treatment for primary congenital glaucoma is surgical intervention. The most common surgical procedures include: | ||
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* [[Trabeculotomy]] | * [[Trabeculotomy]] | ||
* [[Trabeculectomy]] | * [[Trabeculectomy]] | ||
These procedures aim to improve the outflow of aqueous humor and reduce intraocular pressure. In some cases, [[medications]] may be used to manage intraocular pressure before or after surgery. | These procedures aim to improve the outflow of aqueous humor and reduce intraocular pressure. In some cases, [[medications]] may be used to manage intraocular pressure before or after surgery. | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
The prognosis for primary congenital glaucoma varies depending on the severity of the condition and the success of surgical interventions. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for preserving vision. Regular follow-up is necessary to monitor intraocular pressure and optic nerve health. | The prognosis for primary congenital glaucoma varies depending on the severity of the condition and the success of surgical interventions. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for preserving vision. Regular follow-up is necessary to monitor intraocular pressure and optic nerve health. | ||
== See also == | |||
== | |||
* [[Glaucoma]] | * [[Glaucoma]] | ||
* [[Ophthalmology]] | * [[Ophthalmology]] | ||
* [[Pediatric ophthalmology]] | * [[Pediatric ophthalmology]] | ||
[[Category:Ophthalmology]] | [[Category:Ophthalmology]] | ||
[[Category:Congenital disorders]] | [[Category:Congenital disorders]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:29, 8 April 2025
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| Primary congenital glaucoma | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Buphthalmos, infantile glaucoma |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Photophobia, epiphora, blepharospasm, corneal edema, enlarged eye |
| Complications | Vision loss, optic nerve damage |
| Onset | Infancy |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic mutation |
| Risks | Family history, genetic predisposition |
| Diagnosis | Tonometry, gonioscopy, ophthalmoscopy |
| Differential diagnosis | Congenital cataract, retinoblastoma, corneal dystrophy |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Surgery, medication |
| Medication | Beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on early detection and treatment |
| Frequency | 1 in 10,000 to 20,000 live births |
| Deaths | Rare, but can lead to significant visual impairment |
Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a rare eye condition that occurs in infants and young children. It is characterized by an abnormal development of the eye's drainage system, leading to increased intraocular pressure (IOP), which can damage the optic nerve and result in vision loss.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Primary congenital glaucoma is caused by developmental anomalies in the trabecular meshwork and the anterior chamber angle of the eye. These anomalies impede the normal outflow of aqueous humor, leading to elevated intraocular pressure. The increased pressure can cause buphthalmos, or enlargement of the eye, due to the elasticity of the infant's eye tissues.
Clinical Features[edit]
The classic triad of symptoms in primary congenital glaucoma includes:
- Epiphora (excessive tearing)
- Photophobia (sensitivity to light)
- Blepharospasm (involuntary tight closure of the eyelids)
Other signs include corneal edema, corneal clouding, and an enlarged corneal diameter. The condition is often bilateral, affecting both eyes.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of primary congenital glaucoma is typically made through a combination of clinical examination and diagnostic tests. Key diagnostic procedures include:
- Measurement of intraocular pressure using a tonometer
- Examination of the anterior chamber angle using gonioscopy
- Assessment of the optic nerve head for signs of damage
Treatment[edit]
The primary treatment for primary congenital glaucoma is surgical intervention. The most common surgical procedures include:
These procedures aim to improve the outflow of aqueous humor and reduce intraocular pressure. In some cases, medications may be used to manage intraocular pressure before or after surgery.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for primary congenital glaucoma varies depending on the severity of the condition and the success of surgical interventions. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for preserving vision. Regular follow-up is necessary to monitor intraocular pressure and optic nerve health.
