Insulinoma: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Pancreatic_insulinoma_(2).JPG|thumb| | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Insulinoma | |||
| image = [[File:Pancreatic_insulinoma_(2).JPG|left|thumb|Insulinoma in the pancreas]] | |||
| caption = Insulinoma in the pancreas | |||
| field = [[Endocrinology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Hypoglycemia]], [[confusion]], [[sweating]], [[tremor]], [[seizures]] | |||
| complications = [[Hypoglycemic coma]], [[brain damage]] | |||
| onset = Typically between ages 40 and 60 | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| causes = [[Neoplasm]] of [[beta cells]] in the [[pancreas]] | |||
| risks = [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood test]], [[imaging studies]] | |||
| differential = [[Reactive hypoglycemia]], [[factitious hypoglycemia]], [[insulin overdose]] | |||
| treatment = [[Surgical resection]], [[diazoxide]], [[octreotide]] | |||
| medication = [[Diazoxide]], [[octreotide]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare, 1-4 cases per million people per year | |||
}} | |||
'''Insulinoma''' is a rare [[pancreatic]] [[neuroendocrine tumor]] that originates from the [[beta cells]] of the [[islets of Langerhans]]. These tumors are typically [[benign]], but they can cause significant clinical symptoms due to the excessive production of [[insulin]], leading to [[hypoglycemia]]. | |||
==Presentation== | ==Presentation== | ||
Patients with insulinoma often present with symptoms of [[hypoglycemia]], which can include [[sweating]], [[tremors]], [[palpitations]], [[hunger]], [[confusion]], [[visual disturbances]], and in severe cases, [[seizures]] or [[loss of consciousness]]. These symptoms are typically relieved by the intake of [[glucose]]. | Patients with insulinoma often present with symptoms of [[hypoglycemia]], which can include [[sweating]], [[tremors]], [[palpitations]], [[hunger]], [[confusion]], [[visual disturbances]], and in severe cases, [[seizures]] or [[loss of consciousness]]. These symptoms are typically relieved by the intake of [[glucose]]. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of insulinoma is based on clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. The [[Whipple's triad]] is often used to diagnose insulinoma, which includes: | The diagnosis of insulinoma is based on clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. The [[Whipple's triad]] is often used to diagnose insulinoma, which includes: | ||
| Line 9: | Line 26: | ||
2. Low plasma glucose concentration | 2. Low plasma glucose concentration | ||
3. Relief of symptoms after the administration of glucose | 3. Relief of symptoms after the administration of glucose | ||
Laboratory tests include measuring fasting blood glucose and insulin levels. Imaging studies such as [[endoscopic ultrasound]], [[computed tomography]] (CT), and [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) are used to localize the tumor. | Laboratory tests include measuring fasting blood glucose and insulin levels. Imaging studies such as [[endoscopic ultrasound]], [[computed tomography]] (CT), and [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) are used to localize the tumor. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The primary treatment for insulinoma is surgical removal of the tumor. In cases where surgery is not possible, medical management with drugs such as [[diazoxide]] or [[octreotide]] may be used to control hypoglycemia. | The primary treatment for insulinoma is surgical removal of the tumor. In cases where surgery is not possible, medical management with drugs such as [[diazoxide]] or [[octreotide]] may be used to control hypoglycemia. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for patients with insulinoma is generally good, especially if the tumor is benign and can be completely removed surgically. However, malignant insulinomas, which are rare, have a poorer prognosis. | The prognosis for patients with insulinoma is generally good, especially if the tumor is benign and can be completely removed surgically. However, malignant insulinomas, which are rare, have a poorer prognosis. | ||
==Epidemiology== | ==Epidemiology== | ||
Insulinomas are the most common type of [[functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors]], but they are still relatively rare, with an estimated incidence of 1-4 cases per million people per year. They can occur at any age but are most commonly diagnosed in adults between the ages of 40 and 60. | Insulinomas are the most common type of [[functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors]], but they are still relatively rare, with an estimated incidence of 1-4 cases per million people per year. They can occur at any age but are most commonly diagnosed in adults between the ages of 40 and 60. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors]] | * [[Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors]] | ||
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* [[Islets of Langerhans]] | * [[Islets of Langerhans]] | ||
* [[Endocrinology]] | * [[Endocrinology]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{Commons category|Insulinoma}} | {{Commons category|Insulinoma}} | ||
[[Category:Endocrine diseases]] | [[Category:Endocrine diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Pancreatic cancer]] | [[Category:Pancreatic cancer]] | ||
| Line 38: | Line 47: | ||
[[Category:Rare diseases]] | [[Category:Rare diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Medicine]] | [[Category:Medicine]] | ||
{{medicine-stub}} | {{medicine-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 00:38, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Insulinoma | |
|---|---|
.JPG) | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Hypoglycemia, confusion, sweating, tremor, seizures |
| Complications | Hypoglycemic coma, brain damage |
| Onset | Typically between ages 40 and 60 |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Neoplasm of beta cells in the pancreas |
| Risks | Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 |
| Diagnosis | Blood test, imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | Reactive hypoglycemia, factitious hypoglycemia, insulin overdose |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Surgical resection, diazoxide, octreotide |
| Medication | Diazoxide, octreotide |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment |
| Frequency | Rare, 1-4 cases per million people per year |
| Deaths | N/A |
Insulinoma is a rare pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor that originates from the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. These tumors are typically benign, but they can cause significant clinical symptoms due to the excessive production of insulin, leading to hypoglycemia.
Presentation[edit]
Patients with insulinoma often present with symptoms of hypoglycemia, which can include sweating, tremors, palpitations, hunger, confusion, visual disturbances, and in severe cases, seizures or loss of consciousness. These symptoms are typically relieved by the intake of glucose.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of insulinoma is based on clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. The Whipple's triad is often used to diagnose insulinoma, which includes: 1. Symptoms of hypoglycemia 2. Low plasma glucose concentration 3. Relief of symptoms after the administration of glucose Laboratory tests include measuring fasting blood glucose and insulin levels. Imaging studies such as endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to localize the tumor.
Treatment[edit]
The primary treatment for insulinoma is surgical removal of the tumor. In cases where surgery is not possible, medical management with drugs such as diazoxide or octreotide may be used to control hypoglycemia.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for patients with insulinoma is generally good, especially if the tumor is benign and can be completely removed surgically. However, malignant insulinomas, which are rare, have a poorer prognosis.
Epidemiology[edit]
Insulinomas are the most common type of functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, but they are still relatively rare, with an estimated incidence of 1-4 cases per million people per year. They can occur at any age but are most commonly diagnosed in adults between the ages of 40 and 60.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
<references group="" responsive="1"></references>
External links[edit]
