Whipple's triad

Whipple's triad
Synonyms
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Hypoglycemia, neuroglycopenia, relief of symptoms after glucose administration
Complications
Onset
Duration
Types
Causes	Insulinoma, insulin overdose, non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome (NIPHS)
Risks
Diagnosis	Clinical evaluation, blood glucose measurement
Differential diagnosis
Prevention
Treatment	Glucose administration, treatment of underlying cause
Medication
Prognosis
Frequency
Deaths

Whipple's triad is a collection of three criteria that suggest a patient's symptoms result from hypoglycemia caused by an insulinoma, a type of pancreatic tumor. The triad was named after Allen Whipple, an American surgeon who first described the condition in 1938.

Criteria

The three criteria of Whipple's triad are:

1. Symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia
2. Low plasma glucose at the time of symptoms
3. Relief of symptoms when glucose levels are raised

Symptoms

Symptoms of hypoglycemia can vary from person to person, but often include:

• Confusion
• Dizziness
• Hunger
• Irritability
• Palpitations
• Sweating
• Tremor

Diagnosis

Whipple's triad is often used as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of patients with suspected insulinoma. However, it is not definitive proof of the condition. Further tests, such as a fasting test or imaging studies, may be required to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for insulinoma typically involves surgical removal of the tumor. In some cases, medication may be used to manage symptoms until surgery can be performed.

See also

• Hypoglycemia
• Insulinoma
• Pancreatic tumor
• Allen Whipple

References

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