Group B streptococcal infection: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Streptococcus_agalactiae_on_blood_agar.JPG|thumb|Streptococcus_agalactiae_on_blood_agar.JPG]] [[File:CAMP_test.JPG|thumb | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Group B streptococcal infection | |||
| image = [[File:Streptococcus_agalactiae.tif|left|thumb|Streptococcus agalactiae]] | |||
| caption = ''Streptococcus agalactiae'' | |||
| field = [[Infectious disease]] | |||
| synonyms = GBS infection | |||
| symptoms = [[Fever]], [[difficulty breathing]], [[lethargy]], [[irritability]] | |||
| complications = [[Sepsis]], [[meningitis]], [[pneumonia]] | |||
| onset = [[Neonatal]], [[adulthood]] | |||
| duration = Varies | |||
| causes = [[Streptococcus agalactiae]] | |||
| risks = [[Premature birth]], [[prolonged labor]], [[rupture of membranes]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood culture]], [[CSF analysis]] | |||
| differential = [[E. coli infection]], [[Listeria monocytogenes infection]] | |||
| prevention = [[Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis]] | |||
| treatment = [[Antibiotics]] | |||
| medication = [[Penicillin]], [[ampicillin]] | |||
| frequency = Common in [[neonates]] | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Streptococcus_agalactiae_on_blood_agar.JPG|left|thumb|Streptococcus_agalactiae_on_blood_agar.JPG]] [[File:CAMP_test.JPG|left|thumb|CAMP_test.JPG]] [[File:S_agalactiae_vagino-rectal_culture_GRANADA.png|left|thumb|S_agalactiae_vagino-rectal_culture_GRANADA.png]] [[File:Incidence_of_EOD_&_LOD_GBS_disease-CDC.tif|left|thumb|Incidence_of_EOD_&_LOD_GBS_disease-CDC.tif]] [[File:Instructions_for_the_collection_of_a_genital_swab_for_the_detection_of_GBS_from_CDC.tif|left|thumb|Instructions_for_the_collection_of_a_genital_swab_for_the_detection_of_GBS_from_CDC.tif]] [[File:Incidence_GBS-EOD_in_Spain-Castrillo_group.tif|left|thumb|Incidence_GBS-EOD_in_Spain-Castrillo_group.tif]] == Group B Streptococcal Infection == | |||
'''Group B streptococcal infection''' (GBS) is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium ''[[Streptococcus agalactiae]]''. It is a significant cause of [[neonatal infection|neonatal infections]], [[sepsis]], [[pneumonia]], and [[meningitis]] in newborns. GBS can also cause serious illness in pregnant women, the elderly, and adults with underlying health conditions. | '''Group B streptococcal infection''' (GBS) is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium ''[[Streptococcus agalactiae]]''. It is a significant cause of [[neonatal infection|neonatal infections]], [[sepsis]], [[pneumonia]], and [[meningitis]] in newborns. GBS can also cause serious illness in pregnant women, the elderly, and adults with underlying health conditions. | ||
=== Epidemiology === | === Epidemiology === | ||
GBS is commonly found in the [[gastrointestinal tract]] and the [[genitourinary tract]] of healthy adults. Approximately 10-30% of pregnant women are colonized with GBS in the [[vagina]] or [[rectum]]. The bacterium can be transmitted to newborns during [[childbirth]], leading to early-onset GBS disease, which occurs within the first week of life, or late-onset GBS disease, which occurs from one week to three months of age. | GBS is commonly found in the [[gastrointestinal tract]] and the [[genitourinary tract]] of healthy adults. Approximately 10-30% of pregnant women are colonized with GBS in the [[vagina]] or [[rectum]]. The bacterium can be transmitted to newborns during [[childbirth]], leading to early-onset GBS disease, which occurs within the first week of life, or late-onset GBS disease, which occurs from one week to three months of age. | ||
=== Pathogenesis === | === Pathogenesis === | ||
GBS can invade the [[amniotic fluid]] and infect the fetus, leading to [[chorioamnionitis]], [[preterm birth]], and [[stillbirth]]. In newborns, GBS can cause [[bacteremia]], [[pneumonia]], and [[meningitis]]. The bacterium's [[virulence factors]] include the [[capsular polysaccharide]], which helps it evade the [[immune system]], and various [[adhesins]] that facilitate colonization and invasion of host tissues. | GBS can invade the [[amniotic fluid]] and infect the fetus, leading to [[chorioamnionitis]], [[preterm birth]], and [[stillbirth]]. In newborns, GBS can cause [[bacteremia]], [[pneumonia]], and [[meningitis]]. The bacterium's [[virulence factors]] include the [[capsular polysaccharide]], which helps it evade the [[immune system]], and various [[adhesins]] that facilitate colonization and invasion of host tissues. | ||
=== Clinical Manifestations === | === Clinical Manifestations === | ||
In newborns, GBS infection can present with symptoms such as [[respiratory distress]], [[lethargy]], [[poor feeding]], and [[temperature instability]]. In adults, GBS can cause [[urinary tract infections]], [[skin and soft tissue infections]], [[bacteremia]], and [[endocarditis]]. | In newborns, GBS infection can present with symptoms such as [[respiratory distress]], [[lethargy]], [[poor feeding]], and [[temperature instability]]. In adults, GBS can cause [[urinary tract infections]], [[skin and soft tissue infections]], [[bacteremia]], and [[endocarditis]]. | ||
=== Diagnosis === | === Diagnosis === | ||
GBS infection is diagnosed through [[culture (microbiology)|culture]] of the bacterium from sterile body fluids such as [[blood culture|blood]], [[cerebrospinal fluid]], or [[urine]]. [[Polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) and other [[molecular diagnostic]] techniques can also be used for rapid detection. | GBS infection is diagnosed through [[culture (microbiology)|culture]] of the bacterium from sterile body fluids such as [[blood culture|blood]], [[cerebrospinal fluid]], or [[urine]]. [[Polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) and other [[molecular diagnostic]] techniques can also be used for rapid detection. | ||
=== Prevention === | === Prevention === | ||
Preventive measures include [[screening (medicine)|screening]] pregnant women for GBS colonization at 35-37 weeks of gestation and administering [[intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis]] (IAP) to those who test positive. [[Penicillin]] is the antibiotic of choice for IAP, with [[ampicillin]] as an alternative. | Preventive measures include [[screening (medicine)|screening]] pregnant women for GBS colonization at 35-37 weeks of gestation and administering [[intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis]] (IAP) to those who test positive. [[Penicillin]] is the antibiotic of choice for IAP, with [[ampicillin]] as an alternative. | ||
=== Treatment === | === Treatment === | ||
The treatment of GBS infection involves the use of [[antibiotics]]. In newborns, empirical therapy often includes [[ampicillin]] and [[gentamicin]] until GBS is confirmed, after which penicillin or ampicillin is continued. In adults, the choice of antibiotics depends on the site and severity of the infection. | The treatment of GBS infection involves the use of [[antibiotics]]. In newborns, empirical therapy often includes [[ampicillin]] and [[gentamicin]] until GBS is confirmed, after which penicillin or ampicillin is continued. In adults, the choice of antibiotics depends on the site and severity of the infection. | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Neonatal infection]] | * [[Neonatal infection]] | ||
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* [[Preterm birth]] | * [[Preterm birth]] | ||
* [[Stillbirth]] | * [[Stillbirth]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
== External Links == | == External Links == | ||
{{Commons category|Streptococcus agalactiae}} | {{Commons category|Streptococcus agalactiae}} | ||
[[Category:Infectious diseases]] | [[Category:Infectious diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]] | [[Category:Bacterial diseases]] | ||
| Line 44: | Line 53: | ||
[[Category:Obstetrics]] | [[Category:Obstetrics]] | ||
[[Category:Microbiology]] | [[Category:Microbiology]] | ||
{{Infectious-disease-stub}} | {{Infectious-disease-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 02:04, 7 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Group B streptococcal infection | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | GBS infection |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fever, difficulty breathing, lethargy, irritability |
| Complications | Sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia |
| Onset | Neonatal, adulthood |
| Duration | Varies |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Streptococcus agalactiae |
| Risks | Premature birth, prolonged labor, rupture of membranes |
| Diagnosis | Blood culture, CSF analysis |
| Differential diagnosis | E. coli infection, Listeria monocytogenes infection |
| Prevention | Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis |
| Treatment | Antibiotics |
| Medication | Penicillin, ampicillin |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Common in neonates |
| Deaths | N/A |
== Group B Streptococcal Infection ==
Group B streptococcal infection (GBS) is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus agalactiae. It is a significant cause of neonatal infections, sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis in newborns. GBS can also cause serious illness in pregnant women, the elderly, and adults with underlying health conditions.
Epidemiology[edit]
GBS is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract and the genitourinary tract of healthy adults. Approximately 10-30% of pregnant women are colonized with GBS in the vagina or rectum. The bacterium can be transmitted to newborns during childbirth, leading to early-onset GBS disease, which occurs within the first week of life, or late-onset GBS disease, which occurs from one week to three months of age.
Pathogenesis[edit]
GBS can invade the amniotic fluid and infect the fetus, leading to chorioamnionitis, preterm birth, and stillbirth. In newborns, GBS can cause bacteremia, pneumonia, and meningitis. The bacterium's virulence factors include the capsular polysaccharide, which helps it evade the immune system, and various adhesins that facilitate colonization and invasion of host tissues.
Clinical Manifestations[edit]
In newborns, GBS infection can present with symptoms such as respiratory distress, lethargy, poor feeding, and temperature instability. In adults, GBS can cause urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, bacteremia, and endocarditis.
Diagnosis[edit]
GBS infection is diagnosed through culture of the bacterium from sterile body fluids such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or urine. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other molecular diagnostic techniques can also be used for rapid detection.
Prevention[edit]
Preventive measures include screening pregnant women for GBS colonization at 35-37 weeks of gestation and administering intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) to those who test positive. Penicillin is the antibiotic of choice for IAP, with ampicillin as an alternative.
Treatment[edit]
The treatment of GBS infection involves the use of antibiotics. In newborns, empirical therapy often includes ampicillin and gentamicin until GBS is confirmed, after which penicillin or ampicillin is continued. In adults, the choice of antibiotics depends on the site and severity of the infection.
See Also[edit]
- Neonatal infection
- Sepsis
- Pneumonia
- Meningitis
- Bacteremia
- Endocarditis
- Urinary tract infection
- Chorioamnionitis
- Preterm birth
- Stillbirth
References[edit]
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External Links[edit]
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