Imperforate anus: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Imperforate anus | |||
| image = [[File:Atresia.jpg|alt=Diagram showing imperforate anus]] | |||
| caption = Diagram showing imperforate anus | |||
| field = [[Pediatric surgery]] | |||
| synonyms = Anorectal malformation | |||
| symptoms = Absence of a normal anal opening, abnormal location of the anal opening, stool passing through other openings | |||
| complications = [[Urinary tract infection]], [[bowel obstruction]], [[fecal incontinence]] | |||
| onset = [[Congenital disorder|Congenital]] | |||
| duration = Lifelong (with varying degrees of management) | |||
| causes = [[Congenital malformation]] | |||
| risks = [[Genetic syndromes]], [[maternal diabetes]], [[environmental factors]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Physical examination]], [[imaging studies]] | |||
| differential = [[Hirschsprung's disease]], [[anal stenosis]] | |||
| treatment = [[Surgical intervention]], [[colostomy]] | |||
| prognosis = Varies depending on severity and associated anomalies | |||
| frequency = 1 in 5,000 live births | |||
}} | |||
'''Imperforate anus''' is a [[birth defect]] that affects about one in every 5,000 newborns, in which the [[rectum]] is malformed. The rectum is the end of the [[digestive system]], where stool exits the body. In babies with imperforate anus, the rectum does not connect to the [[anus]]. | '''Imperforate anus''' is a [[birth defect]] that affects about one in every 5,000 newborns, in which the [[rectum]] is malformed. The rectum is the end of the [[digestive system]], where stool exits the body. In babies with imperforate anus, the rectum does not connect to the [[anus]]. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
The exact cause of imperforate anus is unknown. It is thought to occur early in fetal development. Some studies suggest that it may be related to [[genetic factors]], but more research is needed to confirm this. | The exact cause of imperforate anus is unknown. It is thought to occur early in fetal development. Some studies suggest that it may be related to [[genetic factors]], but more research is needed to confirm this. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The main symptom of imperforate anus is the absence of a normal rectal opening. Other symptoms can include: | The main symptom of imperforate anus is the absence of a normal rectal opening. Other symptoms can include: | ||
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* Failure to pass stool within the first 48 hours of life | * Failure to pass stool within the first 48 hours of life | ||
* Unusual stooling patterns, such as passing stool from the urethra in boys or the vagina in girls | * Unusual stooling patterns, such as passing stool from the urethra in boys or the vagina in girls | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Imperforate anus is usually diagnosed shortly after birth during a physical examination. Additional tests may be needed to determine the severity of the condition and to check for associated anomalies. These can include: | Imperforate anus is usually diagnosed shortly after birth during a physical examination. Additional tests may be needed to determine the severity of the condition and to check for associated anomalies. These can include: | ||
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* [[X-ray]] | * [[X-ray]] | ||
* [[MRI]] | * [[MRI]] | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment for imperforate anus usually involves surgery to create a new rectal opening. The type of surgery depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of associated anomalies. Some children may need additional surgeries or treatments as they grow. | Treatment for imperforate anus usually involves surgery to create a new rectal opening. The type of surgery depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of associated anomalies. Some children may need additional surgeries or treatments as they grow. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
With early diagnosis and treatment, most children with imperforate anus can lead normal lives. However, they may have ongoing issues with bowel control and may need long-term follow-up care. | With early diagnosis and treatment, most children with imperforate anus can lead normal lives. However, they may have ongoing issues with bowel control and may need long-term follow-up care. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Birth defects]] | * [[Birth defects]] | ||
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* [[Rectum]] | * [[Rectum]] | ||
* [[Anus]] | * [[Anus]] | ||
[[Category:Birth defects]] | [[Category:Birth defects]] | ||
[[Category:Digestive system]] | [[Category:Digestive system]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 21:11, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Imperforate anus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Anorectal malformation |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Absence of a normal anal opening, abnormal location of the anal opening, stool passing through other openings |
| Complications | Urinary tract infection, bowel obstruction, fecal incontinence |
| Onset | Congenital |
| Duration | Lifelong (with varying degrees of management) |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Congenital malformation |
| Risks | Genetic syndromes, maternal diabetes, environmental factors |
| Diagnosis | Physical examination, imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | Hirschsprung's disease, anal stenosis |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Surgical intervention, colostomy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Varies depending on severity and associated anomalies |
| Frequency | 1 in 5,000 live births |
| Deaths | N/A |
Imperforate anus is a birth defect that affects about one in every 5,000 newborns, in which the rectum is malformed. The rectum is the end of the digestive system, where stool exits the body. In babies with imperforate anus, the rectum does not connect to the anus.
Causes[edit]
The exact cause of imperforate anus is unknown. It is thought to occur early in fetal development. Some studies suggest that it may be related to genetic factors, but more research is needed to confirm this.
Symptoms[edit]
The main symptom of imperforate anus is the absence of a normal rectal opening. Other symptoms can include:
- Abdominal swelling
- Failure to pass stool within the first 48 hours of life
- Unusual stooling patterns, such as passing stool from the urethra in boys or the vagina in girls
Diagnosis[edit]
Imperforate anus is usually diagnosed shortly after birth during a physical examination. Additional tests may be needed to determine the severity of the condition and to check for associated anomalies. These can include:
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for imperforate anus usually involves surgery to create a new rectal opening. The type of surgery depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of associated anomalies. Some children may need additional surgeries or treatments as they grow.
Prognosis[edit]
With early diagnosis and treatment, most children with imperforate anus can lead normal lives. However, they may have ongoing issues with bowel control and may need long-term follow-up care.
