Bruck syndrome

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Bruck syndrome
Synonyms	Osteogenesis imperfecta with congenital joint contractures
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Bone fragility, joint contractures, scoliosis, short stature
Complications	Fractures, joint dislocation
Onset	Congenital
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Mutations in the FKBP10 or PLOD2 genes
Risks	Family history of the condition
Diagnosis	Genetic testing, clinical evaluation
Differential diagnosis	Osteogenesis imperfecta, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Physical therapy, orthopedic surgery, bisphosphonates
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depending on severity
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

A rare genetic disorder affecting bone development

Introduction

Diagram of autosomal recessive inheritance

Bruck syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a combination of bone fragility and joint contractures. It is classified as a form of osteogenesis imperfecta, which is a group of genetic disorders that primarily affect the bones, making them more prone to fractures. Bruck syndrome is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning that an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent, to be affected by the disorder.

Clinical Features

The primary clinical features of Bruck syndrome include:

• Bone Fragility: Individuals with Bruck syndrome have bones that are more susceptible to fractures. This is similar to other forms of osteogenesis imperfecta.
• Joint Contractures: A distinguishing feature of Bruck syndrome is the presence of congenital joint contractures, which are limitations in the range of motion of the joints due to abnormal shortening of the muscles or tendons.
• Short Stature: Affected individuals often have a shorter stature compared to their peers.
• Skeletal Deformities: These may include bowing of the long bones, scoliosis, and other deformities due to repeated fractures and abnormal bone healing.

Genetics

Bruck syndrome is caused by mutations in genes that are involved in the formation and maintenance of bone and connective tissue. The two known genes associated with Bruck syndrome are:

• FKBP10: Mutations in this gene are responsible for Bruck syndrome type 1.
• PLOD2: Mutations in this gene cause Bruck syndrome type 2.

Both of these genes play a role in the proper formation of collagen, a key structural protein in bones and connective tissues.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Bruck syndrome is based on clinical evaluation, family history, and genetic testing. Radiographic imaging can reveal characteristic bone abnormalities, while genetic testing can confirm mutations in the FKBP10 or PLOD2 genes.

Management

There is currently no cure for Bruck syndrome, and management focuses on preventing fractures, maintaining mobility, and addressing any complications. Treatment strategies may include:

• Physical Therapy: To improve joint mobility and muscle strength.
• Orthopedic Interventions: Such as bracing or surgery to correct bone deformities and stabilize joints.
• Bisphosphonates: Medications that can help increase bone density and reduce fracture risk.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Bruck syndrome varies depending on the severity of the condition. With appropriate management, many individuals can lead active lives, although they may require ongoing medical care and support.

See also

• Osteogenesis imperfecta
• Genetic disorders
• Connective tissue disease