Buphthalmos: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Autosomal_recessive_-_en.svg|thumb | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Buphthalmos | |||
| image = [[File:Autosomal_recessive_-_en.svg|200px]] | |||
| caption = Buphthalmos is often associated with [[autosomal recessive]] inheritance patterns. | |||
| synonyms = [[Congenital glaucoma]], [[infantile glaucoma]] | |||
| field = [[Ophthalmology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Enlarged eye]], [[corneal edema]], [[photophobia]], [[tearing]], [[blepharospasm]] | |||
| complications = [[Vision loss]], [[optic nerve damage]] | |||
| onset = [[Infancy]] or [[early childhood]] | |||
| duration = [[Chronic]] | |||
| causes = [[Genetic mutations]], [[developmental anomalies]] | |||
| risks = [[Family history]], [[genetic predisposition]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Ophthalmic examination]], [[intraocular pressure]] measurement, [[gonioscopy]] | |||
| differential = [[Primary congenital glaucoma]], [[megalocornea]], [[sclerocornea]] | |||
| treatment = [[Surgical intervention]], [[medications]] to lower [[intraocular pressure]] | |||
| medication = [[Beta blockers]], [[carbonic anhydrase inhibitors]], [[prostaglandin analogs]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on severity and treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
| deaths = Rarely directly causes death, but can lead to significant [[visual impairment]] | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Autosomal_recessive_-_en.svg|left|thumb]] '''Buphthalmos''' (also known as '''buphthalmia''') is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal enlargement of the [[eyeball]]. This condition is often associated with [[congenital glaucoma]], a type of [[glaucoma]] that occurs in infants and young children. The term "buphthalmos" is derived from the Greek words "bous" meaning "ox" and "ophthalmos" meaning "eye," reflecting the enlarged appearance of the eye. | |||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Buphthalmos is primarily caused by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) within the eye, which leads to the stretching and enlargement of the eyeball. This increased pressure is typically due to congenital glaucoma, which can result from developmental anomalies in the eye's drainage system. Other potential causes include: | Buphthalmos is primarily caused by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) within the eye, which leads to the stretching and enlargement of the eyeball. This increased pressure is typically due to congenital glaucoma, which can result from developmental anomalies in the eye's drainage system. Other potential causes include: | ||
* [[Sturge-Weber syndrome]] | * [[Sturge-Weber syndrome]] | ||
* [[Neurofibromatosis type 1]] | * [[Neurofibromatosis type 1]] | ||
* [[Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome]] | * [[Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome]] | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
The symptoms of buphthalmos can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. Common symptoms include: | The symptoms of buphthalmos can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. Common symptoms include: | ||
* Enlarged eyeball | * Enlarged eyeball | ||
* [[Corneal edema]] | * [[Corneal edema]] | ||
| Line 17: | Line 34: | ||
* [[Blepharospasm]] (involuntary tight closure of the eyelids) | * [[Blepharospasm]] (involuntary tight closure of the eyelids) | ||
* [[Myopia]] (nearsightedness) | * [[Myopia]] (nearsightedness) | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
The diagnosis of buphthalmos typically involves a comprehensive eye examination by an [[ophthalmologist]]. Diagnostic procedures may include: | The diagnosis of buphthalmos typically involves a comprehensive eye examination by an [[ophthalmologist]]. Diagnostic procedures may include: | ||
* Measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) | * Measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) | ||
* [[Gonioscopy]] to examine the drainage angle of the eye | * [[Gonioscopy]] to examine the drainage angle of the eye | ||
* [[Ultrasound biomicroscopy]] to assess the structure of the eye | * [[Ultrasound biomicroscopy]] to assess the structure of the eye | ||
* [[Optical coherence tomography]] (OCT) to evaluate the retina and optic nerve | * [[Optical coherence tomography]] (OCT) to evaluate the retina and optic nerve | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
The treatment of buphthalmos aims to reduce intraocular pressure and prevent further damage to the eye. Treatment options may include: | The treatment of buphthalmos aims to reduce intraocular pressure and prevent further damage to the eye. Treatment options may include: | ||
* [[Medications]] to lower intraocular pressure | * [[Medications]] to lower intraocular pressure | ||
* [[Surgical procedures]] such as [[trabeculotomy]], [[goniotomy]], or [[trabeculectomy]] | * [[Surgical procedures]] such as [[trabeculotomy]], [[goniotomy]], or [[trabeculectomy]] | ||
* [[Laser therapy]] to improve fluid drainage | * [[Laser therapy]] to improve fluid drainage | ||
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent vision loss and other complications associated with buphthalmos. | Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent vision loss and other complications associated with buphthalmos. | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
The prognosis for individuals with buphthalmos depends on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of the treatment. With early intervention, many patients can achieve good control of intraocular pressure and preserve their vision. However, untreated or poorly managed buphthalmos can lead to significant visual impairment or blindness. | The prognosis for individuals with buphthalmos depends on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of the treatment. With early intervention, many patients can achieve good control of intraocular pressure and preserve their vision. However, untreated or poorly managed buphthalmos can lead to significant visual impairment or blindness. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Glaucoma]] | * [[Glaucoma]] | ||
| Line 43: | Line 53: | ||
* [[Ophthalmology]] | * [[Ophthalmology]] | ||
* [[Intraocular pressure]] | * [[Intraocular pressure]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
[[Category:Ophthalmology]] | [[Category:Ophthalmology]] | ||
[[Category:Eye diseases]] | [[Category:Eye diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Congenital disorders]] | [[Category:Congenital disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Medical conditions]] | [[Category:Medical conditions]] | ||
{{Ophthalmology-stub}} | {{Ophthalmology-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 19:19, 4 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Buphthalmos | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Congenital glaucoma, infantile glaucoma |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Enlarged eye, corneal edema, photophobia, tearing, blepharospasm |
| Complications | Vision loss, optic nerve damage |
| Onset | Infancy or early childhood |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic mutations, developmental anomalies |
| Risks | Family history, genetic predisposition |
| Diagnosis | Ophthalmic examination, intraocular pressure measurement, gonioscopy |
| Differential diagnosis | Primary congenital glaucoma, megalocornea, sclerocornea |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Surgical intervention, medications to lower intraocular pressure |
| Medication | Beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, prostaglandin analogs |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on severity and treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | Rarely directly causes death, but can lead to significant visual impairment |
Buphthalmos (also known as buphthalmia) is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal enlargement of the eyeball. This condition is often associated with congenital glaucoma, a type of glaucoma that occurs in infants and young children. The term "buphthalmos" is derived from the Greek words "bous" meaning "ox" and "ophthalmos" meaning "eye," reflecting the enlarged appearance of the eye.
Causes[edit]
Buphthalmos is primarily caused by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) within the eye, which leads to the stretching and enlargement of the eyeball. This increased pressure is typically due to congenital glaucoma, which can result from developmental anomalies in the eye's drainage system. Other potential causes include:
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of buphthalmos can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. Common symptoms include:
- Enlarged eyeball
- Corneal edema
- Photophobia (sensitivity to light)
- Epiphora (excessive tearing)
- Blepharospasm (involuntary tight closure of the eyelids)
- Myopia (nearsightedness)
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of buphthalmos typically involves a comprehensive eye examination by an ophthalmologist. Diagnostic procedures may include:
- Measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP)
- Gonioscopy to examine the drainage angle of the eye
- Ultrasound biomicroscopy to assess the structure of the eye
- Optical coherence tomography (OCT) to evaluate the retina and optic nerve
Treatment[edit]
The treatment of buphthalmos aims to reduce intraocular pressure and prevent further damage to the eye. Treatment options may include:
- Medications to lower intraocular pressure
- Surgical procedures such as trabeculotomy, goniotomy, or trabeculectomy
- Laser therapy to improve fluid drainage
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent vision loss and other complications associated with buphthalmos.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for individuals with buphthalmos depends on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of the treatment. With early intervention, many patients can achieve good control of intraocular pressure and preserve their vision. However, untreated or poorly managed buphthalmos can lead to significant visual impairment or blindness.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
<references group="" responsive="1"></references>
External links[edit]
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