Epithelioid trophoblastic tumour: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Epithelioid trophoblastic tumour | |||
| synonyms = ETT | |||
| field = [[Oncology]], [[Gynecology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Vaginal bleeding]], [[pelvic pain]], [[abdominal mass]] | |||
| complications = [[Metastasis]], [[infertility]] | |||
| onset = Typically in women of reproductive age | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| causes = Abnormal proliferation of [[trophoblastic cells]] | |||
| risks = Previous [[gestational trophoblastic disease]], [[pregnancy]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Histopathology]], [[immunohistochemistry]] | |||
| differential = [[Choriocarcinoma]], [[placental site trophoblastic tumor]] | |||
| prevention = Regular follow-up after [[molar pregnancy]] | |||
| treatment = [[Surgery]], [[chemotherapy]] | |||
| medication = [[Methotrexate]], [[dactinomycin]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|A rare type of gestational trophoblastic disease}} | {{Short description|A rare type of gestational trophoblastic disease}} | ||
'''Epithelioid trophoblastic tumour''' (ETT) is a rare form of [[gestational trophoblastic disease]] (GTD), which is a group of rare tumors that involve abnormal growth of cells inside a woman's uterus. ETT is characterized by the proliferation of intermediate trophoblastic cells that resemble carcinoma cells. | '''Epithelioid trophoblastic tumour''' (ETT) is a rare form of [[gestational trophoblastic disease]] (GTD), which is a group of rare tumors that involve abnormal growth of cells inside a woman's uterus. ETT is characterized by the proliferation of intermediate trophoblastic cells that resemble carcinoma cells. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
ETT arises from the [[intermediate trophoblast]], which is a type of cell that forms part of the [[placenta]] during pregnancy. These cells are responsible for anchoring the placenta to the uterine wall. In ETT, these cells undergo neoplastic transformation, leading to the formation of a tumor. The tumor cells in ETT are typically monomorphic and epithelioid in appearance, which means they resemble epithelial cells. | ETT arises from the [[intermediate trophoblast]], which is a type of cell that forms part of the [[placenta]] during pregnancy. These cells are responsible for anchoring the placenta to the uterine wall. In ETT, these cells undergo neoplastic transformation, leading to the formation of a tumor. The tumor cells in ETT are typically monomorphic and epithelioid in appearance, which means they resemble epithelial cells. | ||
==Clinical Presentation== | ==Clinical Presentation== | ||
Patients with ETT may present with irregular [[vaginal bleeding]], which is the most common symptom. Other symptoms can include an enlarged uterus, pelvic pain, or symptoms related to metastasis if the disease has spread. ETT can occur months to years after a [[pregnancy]], including normal pregnancies, [[miscarriages]], or [[molar pregnancies]]. | Patients with ETT may present with irregular [[vaginal bleeding]], which is the most common symptom. Other symptoms can include an enlarged uterus, pelvic pain, or symptoms related to metastasis if the disease has spread. ETT can occur months to years after a [[pregnancy]], including normal pregnancies, [[miscarriages]], or [[molar pregnancies]]. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of ETT is challenging due to its rarity and the overlap of its features with other types of GTD. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and histopathological examination. [[Ultrasound]] and [[MRI]] may be used to assess the extent of the disease. Histologically, ETT is characterized by nests and cords of monomorphic intermediate trophoblastic cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and distinct cell borders. | The diagnosis of ETT is challenging due to its rarity and the overlap of its features with other types of GTD. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and histopathological examination. [[Ultrasound]] and [[MRI]] may be used to assess the extent of the disease. Histologically, ETT is characterized by nests and cords of monomorphic intermediate trophoblastic cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and distinct cell borders. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The primary treatment for ETT is surgical removal of the tumor, often through a [[hysterectomy]]. Due to the potential for metastasis, additional treatments such as [[chemotherapy]] may be considered, especially in cases where the disease has spread beyond the uterus. The choice of chemotherapy regimen can vary, but it often includes agents used in the treatment of other forms of GTD. | The primary treatment for ETT is surgical removal of the tumor, often through a [[hysterectomy]]. Due to the potential for metastasis, additional treatments such as [[chemotherapy]] may be considered, especially in cases where the disease has spread beyond the uterus. The choice of chemotherapy regimen can vary, but it often includes agents used in the treatment of other forms of GTD. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for patients with ETT depends on several factors, including the stage of the disease at diagnosis and the presence of metastasis. Early-stage ETT that is confined to the uterus and treated with surgery generally has a good prognosis. However, metastatic ETT can be more challenging to treat and may have a poorer outcome. | The prognosis for patients with ETT depends on several factors, including the stage of the disease at diagnosis and the presence of metastasis. Early-stage ETT that is confined to the uterus and treated with surgery generally has a good prognosis. However, metastatic ETT can be more challenging to treat and may have a poorer outcome. | ||
==Related pages== | ==Related pages== | ||
* [[Gestational trophoblastic disease]] | * [[Gestational trophoblastic disease]] | ||
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* [[Placental site trophoblastic tumor]] | * [[Placental site trophoblastic tumor]] | ||
* [[Hydatidiform mole]] | * [[Hydatidiform mole]] | ||
[[Category:Gestational trophoblastic disease]] | [[Category:Gestational trophoblastic disease]] | ||
[[Category:Rare cancers]] | [[Category:Rare cancers]] | ||
Latest revision as of 04:05, 4 April 2025
| Epithelioid trophoblastic tumour | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | ETT |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, abdominal mass |
| Complications | Metastasis, infertility |
| Onset | Typically in women of reproductive age |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic cells |
| Risks | Previous gestational trophoblastic disease, pregnancy |
| Diagnosis | Histopathology, immunohistochemistry |
| Differential diagnosis | Choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor |
| Prevention | Regular follow-up after molar pregnancy |
| Treatment | Surgery, chemotherapy |
| Medication | Methotrexate, dactinomycin |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
A rare type of gestational trophoblastic disease
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumour (ETT) is a rare form of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), which is a group of rare tumors that involve abnormal growth of cells inside a woman's uterus. ETT is characterized by the proliferation of intermediate trophoblastic cells that resemble carcinoma cells.
Pathophysiology[edit]
ETT arises from the intermediate trophoblast, which is a type of cell that forms part of the placenta during pregnancy. These cells are responsible for anchoring the placenta to the uterine wall. In ETT, these cells undergo neoplastic transformation, leading to the formation of a tumor. The tumor cells in ETT are typically monomorphic and epithelioid in appearance, which means they resemble epithelial cells.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
Patients with ETT may present with irregular vaginal bleeding, which is the most common symptom. Other symptoms can include an enlarged uterus, pelvic pain, or symptoms related to metastasis if the disease has spread. ETT can occur months to years after a pregnancy, including normal pregnancies, miscarriages, or molar pregnancies.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of ETT is challenging due to its rarity and the overlap of its features with other types of GTD. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and histopathological examination. Ultrasound and MRI may be used to assess the extent of the disease. Histologically, ETT is characterized by nests and cords of monomorphic intermediate trophoblastic cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and distinct cell borders.
Treatment[edit]
The primary treatment for ETT is surgical removal of the tumor, often through a hysterectomy. Due to the potential for metastasis, additional treatments such as chemotherapy may be considered, especially in cases where the disease has spread beyond the uterus. The choice of chemotherapy regimen can vary, but it often includes agents used in the treatment of other forms of GTD.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for patients with ETT depends on several factors, including the stage of the disease at diagnosis and the presence of metastasis. Early-stage ETT that is confined to the uterus and treated with surgery generally has a good prognosis. However, metastatic ETT can be more challenging to treat and may have a poorer outcome.
