Winter: Difference between revisions

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'''Winter''' is the coldest [[season]] of the year in polar and temperate zones. It occurs after [[autumn]] and before [[spring]] in each year. Winter is caused by the axis of the [[Earth]] in that hemisphere being oriented away from the [[Sun]]. Different cultures define different dates as the start of winter, and some use a definition based on weather. When it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere, it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa. In many regions, winter is associated with snow and freezing temperatures.
{{Short description|Coldest season of the year}}
[[File:Earth-satellite-seasons.gif|thumb|right|Earth satellite view showing seasonal changes.]]
'''Winter''' is the coldest season of the year in polar and temperate zones. It occurs after [[autumn]] and before [[spring]] in each year. Winter is caused by the axis of the [[Earth]] in that hemisphere being oriented away from the [[Sun]]. Different cultures define different dates as the start of winter, and some use a definition based on weather. When it is winter in the [[Northern Hemisphere]], it is [[summer]] in the [[Southern Hemisphere]], and vice versa.


==Etymology==
==Characteristics==
The term ''winter'' comes from the Proto-Germanic word ''wintar'' which is taken from the Proto-Indo-European word ''wend'', which translates as ''water''.
Winter is characterized by its cold weather, shorter days, and longer nights. The season is often associated with snow and ice, though this is not universal. In many regions, winter brings a period of dormancy for plants and hibernation for animals.


==Cause==
===Weather===
The tilt of the Earth's axis relative to its orbital plane plays a big role in the weather. The Earth is tilted at an angle of 23.44° to the plane of its orbit, and this causes different latitudes on the Earth to directly face the Sun as the Earth moves through its orbit. It is this variation that primarily brings about the seasons.
[[File:KleinarlWinterwonderland.jpg|thumb|left|A winter wonderland in Kleinarl.]]
Winter weather varies greatly depending on location. In polar and temperate climates, winter is marked by cold temperatures and often snow and ice. In tropical regions, winter is less pronounced, with temperatures remaining relatively warm.


==Meteorological reckoning==
===Daylight===
Meteorological winter is the method of measuring the winter season used by meteorologists based on "sensible weather patterns" for record keeping purposes, so the start of meteorological winter can change.
During winter, the [[daylight]] hours are shorter. This is due to the tilt of the Earth's axis, which causes the Sun to take a lower path across the sky. The [[winter solstice]], occurring around December 21 in the Northern Hemisphere, marks the shortest day of the year.


==Astronomical and other calendar-based reckoning==
==Cultural Significance==
In the Northern Hemisphere, some use a definition based on weather, and define the start of winter as the winter solstice, the day of the year with the least daylight.
Winter has significant cultural importance in many societies. It is often associated with holidays and festivals, such as [[Christmas]], [[Hanukkah]], and [[New Year's Day]].


==Ecological reckoning and activity==
===Festivals and Traditions===
Winter is often defined by meteorologists to be the three calendar months with the lowest average temperatures. This corresponds to the months of December, January and February in the Northern Hemisphere, and June, July and August in the Southern Hemisphere.
Many cultures have festivals that celebrate the winter season. These include the [[Winter Solstice]] celebrations, which have been observed since ancient times. In some cultures, winter is a time for reflection and rest.


==Effects on human society==
===Sports===
Winter weather has a number of effects on human activity, including agriculture, health risks such as hypothermia, disruption to infrastructure, and more.
Winter sports are popular in regions with snow and ice. These include skiing, snowboarding, ice skating, and ice hockey. The [[Winter Olympics]] is a major international event that features winter sports.


==Winter festivals==
==Ecological Impact==
Winter has been a traditional season for snow and ice festivals due to the availability and abundance of these commodities, and is a time when Santa Claus and other mythical beings are said to bring gifts.
[[File:Snowshoe_hare.jpg|thumb|right|A snowshoe hare in its winter coat.]]
Winter has a significant impact on the natural world. Many animals adapt to the cold by growing thicker fur or hibernating. Plants may become dormant, conserving energy until the warmer months.


==See also==
===Animal Adaptations===
* [[Cold wave]]
Animals have various adaptations to survive the winter. Some, like the [[snowshoe hare]], change color to blend in with the snowy environment. Others, such as bears, enter a state of hibernation.
* [[Ice storm]]
 
* [[Snow]]
===Plant Dormancy===
* [[Winter storm]]
Many plants enter a dormant state during winter, shedding leaves and halting growth. This conserves energy and protects them from the harsh conditions.
 
==Historical Events==
[[File:Frost_Fair_of_1683.JPG|thumb|left|The Frost Fair of 1683 on the frozen River Thames.]]
Throughout history, winter has played a role in shaping events. The "Little Ice Age" was a period of cooling that affected Europe and North America from the 14th to the 19th century. During this time, the River Thames in London froze over, leading to the famous Frost Fairs.
 
==Geographical Variations==
Winter varies greatly across different geographical regions. In the [[Arctic]], winter is long and harsh, while in the [[Mediterranean]], it is mild and wet.
 
===Polar Regions===
In polar regions, winter is characterized by extreme cold and darkness. The [[Arctic]] and [[Antarctic]] experience long periods of darkness known as the "polar night."
 
===Temperate Regions===
In temperate regions, winter brings cold temperatures and often snow. These areas experience a clear distinction between the four seasons.
 
===Tropical Regions===
In tropical regions, winter is less distinct. Temperatures remain warm, and the season is often marked by a dry period rather than cold weather.
 
==Related Pages==
* [[Autumn]]
* [[Spring]]
* [[Summer]]
* [[Winter solstice]]
* [[Winter sports]]


[[Category:Seasons]]
[[Category:Seasons]]
[[Category:Winter]]
[[Category:Winter]]
{{stub}}
<gallery>
File:Earth-satellite-seasons.gif|Earth satellite seasons
File:KleinarlWinterwonderland.jpg|Kleinarl Winter wonderland
File:Neve_Caxias_do_Sul_(2).jpg|Snow in Caxias do Sul
File:Hamburg_Germany_Jan_6.jpg|Hamburg, Germany in January
File:Snowshoe_hare.jpg|Snowshoe hare
File:Frost_Fair_of_1683.JPG|Frost Fair of 1683
File:IceAgeEarth.jpg|Ice Age Earth
File:2018_January_in_Helsinki_(46315524324).jpg|January in Helsinki 2018
File:Siemiginowski_Allegory_of_Winter.jpg|Allegory of Winter by Siemiginowski
</gallery>
<gallery>
File:Earth-satellite-seasons.gif|Winter
File:KleinarlWinterwonderland.jpg|Winter
File:Neve Caxias do Sul (2).jpg|Winter
File:Hamburg Germany Jan 6.jpg|Winter
File:Snowshoe hare.jpg|Winter
File:Frost Fair of 1683.JPG|Winter
File:IceAgeEarth.jpg|Winter
File:2018 January in Helsinki (46315524324).jpg|Winter
File:Siemiginowski Allegory of Winter.jpg|Winter
</gallery>

Latest revision as of 10:48, 23 March 2025

Coldest season of the year


File:Earth-satellite-seasons.gif
Earth satellite view showing seasonal changes.

Winter is the coldest season of the year in polar and temperate zones. It occurs after autumn and before spring in each year. Winter is caused by the axis of the Earth in that hemisphere being oriented away from the Sun. Different cultures define different dates as the start of winter, and some use a definition based on weather. When it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere, it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa.

Characteristics[edit]

Winter is characterized by its cold weather, shorter days, and longer nights. The season is often associated with snow and ice, though this is not universal. In many regions, winter brings a period of dormancy for plants and hibernation for animals.

Weather[edit]

File:KleinarlWinterwonderland.jpg
A winter wonderland in Kleinarl.

Winter weather varies greatly depending on location. In polar and temperate climates, winter is marked by cold temperatures and often snow and ice. In tropical regions, winter is less pronounced, with temperatures remaining relatively warm.

Daylight[edit]

During winter, the daylight hours are shorter. This is due to the tilt of the Earth's axis, which causes the Sun to take a lower path across the sky. The winter solstice, occurring around December 21 in the Northern Hemisphere, marks the shortest day of the year.

Cultural Significance[edit]

Winter has significant cultural importance in many societies. It is often associated with holidays and festivals, such as Christmas, Hanukkah, and New Year's Day.

Festivals and Traditions[edit]

Many cultures have festivals that celebrate the winter season. These include the Winter Solstice celebrations, which have been observed since ancient times. In some cultures, winter is a time for reflection and rest.

Sports[edit]

Winter sports are popular in regions with snow and ice. These include skiing, snowboarding, ice skating, and ice hockey. The Winter Olympics is a major international event that features winter sports.

Ecological Impact[edit]

File:Snowshoe hare.jpg
A snowshoe hare in its winter coat.

Winter has a significant impact on the natural world. Many animals adapt to the cold by growing thicker fur or hibernating. Plants may become dormant, conserving energy until the warmer months.

Animal Adaptations[edit]

Animals have various adaptations to survive the winter. Some, like the snowshoe hare, change color to blend in with the snowy environment. Others, such as bears, enter a state of hibernation.

Plant Dormancy[edit]

Many plants enter a dormant state during winter, shedding leaves and halting growth. This conserves energy and protects them from the harsh conditions.

Historical Events[edit]

File:Frost Fair of 1683.JPG
The Frost Fair of 1683 on the frozen River Thames.

Throughout history, winter has played a role in shaping events. The "Little Ice Age" was a period of cooling that affected Europe and North America from the 14th to the 19th century. During this time, the River Thames in London froze over, leading to the famous Frost Fairs.

Geographical Variations[edit]

Winter varies greatly across different geographical regions. In the Arctic, winter is long and harsh, while in the Mediterranean, it is mild and wet.

Polar Regions[edit]

In polar regions, winter is characterized by extreme cold and darkness. The Arctic and Antarctic experience long periods of darkness known as the "polar night."

Temperate Regions[edit]

In temperate regions, winter brings cold temperatures and often snow. These areas experience a clear distinction between the four seasons.

Tropical Regions[edit]

In tropical regions, winter is less distinct. Temperatures remain warm, and the season is often marked by a dry period rather than cold weather.

Related Pages[edit]