|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| Countries have cultivated [[coffee bean]]s into various vehicles to satisfy needs unique to each country. Whether it be for energy, socialization, or tradition, the cultivation of coffee has served as a motivating force of the world. The modernization of coffee and its unique forms across cultures are markers of tradition and modern changes across continents. [[Coffee culture]] appears in the way in which people consume coffee, the way they make it, and where coffee is served and shared. Each of these factors combined reflects the lives of the people in these countries and the importance of coffee across the world.
| | {{Short description|An overview of coffee's role in various cultures around the world}} |
|
| |
|
| == History == | | == Introduction == |
| {{main|History of coffee}}
| | [[Coffee]] is a brewed drink prepared from roasted [[coffee beans]], the seeds of berries from certain [[Coffea]] species. It is one of the most popular beverages worldwide and has a significant cultural impact in many societies. This article explores the role of coffee in various cultures around the world, highlighting its historical, social, and economic significance. |
|
| |
|
| === Origins === | | == History of Coffee == |
| [[File:Coffee Berries.jpg|thumb|Coffee fruit]] | | The history of coffee dates back to the 15th century, with its origins in the [[Ethiopian Highlands]]. From there, it spread to the [[Arabian Peninsula]], where it became an integral part of the [[Islamic world]]. By the 17th century, coffee had reached [[Europe]], where it quickly gained popularity. Coffeehouses became centers of social interaction and intellectual exchange, often referred to as "penny universities" due to the stimulating conversations they hosted. |
|
| |
|
| ==== Ethiopian Legend ==== | | == Coffee in the Middle East == |
| The heritage of coffee grown all around the world can be found in the forests of Ethiopia, where the theory of its origins also resides. According to local legend, a goat herder named [[Kaldi]] saw his goats eating coffee "berries". This caused them to gain extreme amounts of energy, preventing them from sleeping at night. He brought this information to local monks, who created a drink with the coffee beans. One monk who drank the concoction found that it allowed him to stay up all night and pray. As this information spread to other Ethiopian monks, it began to spread across the civilized world.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncausa.org/About-Coffee/History-of-Coffee|title=The History Of Coffee|date=October 24, 2016|website=ncausa.org|publisher=National Coffee Association of the U.S.A.}}</ref>
| | In the [[Middle East]], coffee is deeply embedded in the culture and is often associated with hospitality. Traditional [[Arab coffee]], known as "qahwa," is typically prepared with cardamom and served in small cups. Coffee ceremonies are an important aspect of social gatherings, and the preparation and serving of coffee are considered an art form. |
|
| |
|
| ==== Cultivation ==== | | == Coffee in Europe == |
| Much of the popularization of coffee is due to its cultivation in the Arab world, beginning in what is now Yemen, by Sufi monks in the 15th century.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Cuisine and Culture: A History of Food and People|last=Civitello|first=Linda|publisher=John Wiley|year=2007|isbn=9780471741725|location=Hoboken, NJ}}</ref> Through thousands of Muslims pilgrimaging to Mecca, the enjoyment and harvesting of coffee, or the "wine of Araby" spread to other countries (e.g. Turkey, Egypt, Syria) and eventually to a majority of the world through the 16th century. Coffee, in addition to being essential in the home, became a major part of social life.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=Alif Baa: Introduction to Arabic Letters and Sounds|last1=Brustad|first1=Kristen|last2=Al-Batal|first2=Mahmoud|last3=Al-Tonsi|first3=Abbas|publisher=Georgetown University Press|year=2010|isbn=9781589016330|pages=132}}</ref> Coffeehouses, qahwa قَهوة in Modern Standard Arabic, became "Schools of the Wise" as they developed into places of intellectual discussion, in addition to centers of relaxation and comradery.<ref name=":0" />
| | [[Europe]] embraced coffee in the 17th century, with [[Italy]] and [[France]] becoming prominent centers of coffee culture. The [[Italian espresso]] is a staple of Italian life, and the [[French café]] is a symbol of leisure and social interaction. Coffeehouses in [[Vienna]] and [[London]] became popular meeting places for artists, writers, and intellectuals. |
|
| |
|
| === Expansion<ref name=":0" /> === | | == Coffee in the Americas == |
| | In the [[United States]], coffee is a ubiquitous part of daily life, with a strong culture of coffee consumption. The rise of coffee chains like [[Starbucks]] has popularized specialty coffee drinks and the "coffee to go" culture. In [[Latin America]], countries like [[Brazil]] and [[Colombia]] are major coffee producers, and coffee plays a significant role in their economies and cultural identities. |
|
| |
|
| ==== Europe ==== | | == Coffee in Asia == |
| By the 17th century, European travelers had brought coffee to the continent, where large amounts of controversy surrounded it as its popularity grew. The "Schools of the Wise" of the Arab world began spreading across the continent, becoming known as "[[English coffeehouses in the 17th and 18th centuries|penny universities]]" in England, and developed to satisfy the needs of various social classes. In addition, coffee replaced beer and wine as the "breakfast drink", improving the quality produced by the working classes. Once [[Pope Clement VIII]] gave a papal pardon to coffee in 1615,<ref name=":2" /> it increased the coffee consuming population and contributed to its eventual expansion to the Americas.<ref name=":0" />
| | In [[Asia]], coffee culture varies widely. In [[Japan]], coffee is enjoyed in both traditional kissaten (coffee shops) and modern cafés. [[Vietnam]] is known for its unique coffee preparations, such as "cà phê sữa đá," a sweet iced coffee made with condensed milk. In [[India]], coffee is popular in the southern regions, where "filter coffee" is a traditional beverage. |
|
| |
|
| ==== The Americas ==== | | == Coffee in Africa == |
| Traders, conquistadors, and missionaries brought coffee over to the Americas with them during the Columbian Exchange. In terms of North America, the British brought coffee over to New York, then New Amsterdam, in the 1600s. It reached peak popularity after the [[Boston Tea Party]], and has remained an American staple drink ever since. The parent seed of the Arabica coffee found mainly in the Caribbean, but also in other countries in South and Central America, was brought over in 1723. After the Mayor of Amsterdam gifted [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV]] a coffee plant in 1714, naval officer Gabriel de Clieu stole a seed and brought it to the island of Martinique. Its cultivation eventually spread across the aforementioned regions. Brazil, today's largest producer of coffee, was brought coffee by Francisco de Mello Palheta, who got the seeds from French Guinea.<ref name=":0" />
| | As the birthplace of coffee, [[Africa]] has a rich coffee culture. In [[Ethiopia]], coffee ceremonies are a traditional practice, involving the roasting, grinding, and brewing of coffee beans in a ritualistic manner. Coffee is also a significant export product for many African countries, contributing to their economies. |
|
| |
|
| ==== Slavery ==== | | == Social and Economic Impact == |
| Today's high-grossing industry of coffee was built by the institution of slavery across the world. Once the demand for coffee grew past the amount being produced in the Arabic world, the Dutch began cultivating coffee in Indonesia, modern-day Java, and eventually moved to Sumatra and Celebes in the 17th century. Much of the coffee grown in Africa and the Americas was grown and harvested by slaves as well.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Coffee Cultures: Local Experiences, Global Connections|last=Tucker|first=Catherine|publisher=Routledge|year=2011|isbn=9780415800242|location=New York|pages=35–43}}</ref>
| | Coffee has a profound social and economic impact worldwide. It is a major commodity in international trade, with millions of people involved in its cultivation, processing, and distribution. Coffeehouses serve as important social hubs, fostering community and conversation. The global coffee industry also influences cultural trends and consumer behavior. |
|
| |
|
| == World cultures == | | == Related pages == |
| | * [[Coffeehouse]] |
| | * [[History of coffee]] |
| | * [[Coffee production]] |
| | * [[Coffee culture]] |
| | * [[Espresso]] |
| | * [[Arabica coffee]] |
|
| |
|
| === Coffeehouse culture ===
| | [[Category:Coffee]] |
| [[File:Turkish coffee in Abu Ghosh.jpg|thumb|Traditional preparation of Turkish coffee in an Arab coffeehouse.]] | | [[Category:Culture]] |
| [[Coffeehouse]] culture began in the Arab world, and eventually spread to other areas of the world and blended with the local culture. Traditional Arab coffeehouses are places where mostly men meet to socialize over games, coffee, and water pipes ({{transl|ar|shiisha}} or {{transl|ar|agriile}}). Depending on where the coffeehouse is, its specialty differs. In North Africa, green tea is served with mint or coffee is served European style. [[Arabic coffee]], or Turkish coffee, is made in Egypt and the [[Levant]] countries. Arabic coffee is a very small amount of dark coffee boiled in a pot and presented in a demitasse cup. Particularly in Egypt, coffee is served maZbuuT, which means the amount of sugar will be "just right", about one teaspoon per cup. However, in the [[Arabian Peninsula]], Arabic coffee is roasted in such a way that the coffee is almost clear; it is traditional for the host to refill the guest's cup until politely signaled that the guest is finished.<ref name=":3" />
| | [[Category:World history]] |
| [[File:Depiction of an Ottoman Coffeehouse.jpg|thumb|Coffeehouse in the Ottoman Empire.]]
| |
| Coffeehouses have gained popularity in other countries such as Turkey and Iran. Turkey, for example, shares many similarities to Arabic coffeehouses as they integrated into the culture during the Ottoman Empire's reign. On the other hand, Austria's popular [[Viennese coffee house|Viennese coffeehouses]] were created with Europe's introduction to coffee. These coffeehouses are dissimilar in that they are not usually places of gathering, instead many people go to sit alone and enjoy coffee.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/coffee-culture-in-vienna-history-2015-10|title=Here's why Coffee is Such an Important Part of the Culture in Vienna|last=Hoeller|first=Sophie-Claire|date=October 17, 2015|website=Coffee Culture in Vienna|publisher=Business Insider}}</ref> Other variations have been created as the world has modernized: coffeeshops in North America and the Philippines, kopi tiam in Malaysia and Singapore, and cafes in various other countries.<ref name=":1" />
| |
| | |
| === Africa ===
| |
| Despite originating and 13% of the world's coffee supply being grown in various African countries, coffee culture has just recently emerged. The most explicit sense of a coffee culture is in Northern Africa and Ethiopia. Those who are attempting to create a larger coffee consumption industry in Africa are looking to make it completely dependent on coffee grown in Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mgafrica.com/article/2015-01-09-think-africas-coffee-culture-is-something-new-ethiopias-been-showing-us-how-its-done|title=Think Africa's Coffee Culture is Something New? Ethiopia's been Showing Us How it's Done for Centuries|last=Spooner|first=Samantha|date=January 11, 2015|website=Mail and Guardian Africa|publisher=Mail and Guardian Africa|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209033647/http://mgafrica.com/article/2015-01-09-think-africas-coffee-culture-is-something-new-ethiopias-been-showing-us-how-its-done|archive-date=February 9, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| |
| {{see also|Arabic coffee}}
| |
| ==== Ethiopia ====
| |
| Drinking Ethiopian coffee, especially in the place of coffee's origin, is a cultural experience. The process for making the coffee, known as Bunna, takes over an hour. First, the beans are washed in water and then placed into a skillet over a fire. Once the beans have burst from their skins, they are ground with a metal stick. The grounds are placed into a jebena, an Ethiopian pot, with hot water and served in a cini cup.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />
| |
| | |
| === Europe ===
| |
| The countries of Europe have developed various versions of coffee that have spread across the world. Café au lait and espressos have become norms across in various coffee shops, while the coffee grown in countries formerly colonized by European powers have in turn affected European coffee culture.
| |
| | |
| ==== France ====
| |
| French coffee, such as café au lait, has spread across and become popular across the world. However, the method of consuming remains uniquely French. Coffee is drunk sitting down in cafes or relaxing areas. It is also consumed in small amounts, and not for taste or energy. Coffee has been engrained into everyday French culture.<ref name=":4" />
| |
| | |
| ==== Greece ====
| |
| Greece has a surprisingly strong and present coffee culture. There are two main places where coffee is consumed: the {{transl|grc|kafeteria}} and the {{transl|grc|[[kafenio]]}}. The {{transl|grc|kafeteria}}, which changes from cafe to bar at night, is mainly for young people under 35 years old to meet and hang out. The kafeneio is where all the old gentlemen used to meet during the popularity "Schools of the Wise". The popular drink of the kafeneio is the ellinikós kafés, which is very similar to Turkish coffee. Its grains are also used for fortune telling after the person finishes drinking. However, frappes have become more popular among the young in {{transl|grc|kafeterias}}.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://culinarybackstreets.com/cities-category/athens/2013/greek-coffee-in-athens/|title=Greek Coffee in Athens|last=Trivolis|first=Despina|date=February 19, 2013|website=Culinary Backstreets|publisher=Culinary Backstreets, Inc.}}</ref> The Greek frappe is a mix of Nescafé, milk, and sugar frothed up and poured over ice. Recent years have seen the rise in popularity of iced espresso-based coffees, such as "espresso freddo" (mixed with ice, then poured over ice) and "cappuccino freddo" (same, but with a layer of cold frothed milk poured on top).<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":17">{{Cite web|url=https://europeancoffeetrip.com/greek-superb-cold-coffees-freddo-espresso-freddo-cappuccino/|title=Greek Superb Cold Coffees: Freddo Espresso and Freddo Cappuccino|last=Papantoniou|first=Makis|date=October 26, 2017|website=European Coffee Trip|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222154935/https://europeancoffeetrip.com/greek-superb-cold-coffees-freddo-espresso-freddo-cappuccino/|access-date=February 22, 2018|archive-date=2018-02-22}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| ====Albania====
| |
| [[File:Streets of Tirana 2016.jpg|thumb|Cafes along Mustafa Matohiti St near Blloku district in central Tirana]] | |
| In 2016, Albania surpassed Spain by becoming the country with the most coffee houses per capita in the world.<ref>http://www.ocnal.com/2018/02/albania-ranked-first-in-world-for.html</ref> In fact, there are 654 coffee houses per 100,000 inhabitants in Albania, a country with only 2.5 million inhabitants. This is due to coffee houses closing down in Spain due to the economic crisis, and the fact that as many cafes open as they close in Albania. In addition, the fact that it was one of the easiest ways to make a living after the fall of communism in Albania, together with the country’s Ottoman legacy further reinforce the strong dominance of coffee culture in Albania.
| |
| | |
| ==== Ireland ====
| |
| Although tea is by far the most popular drink in Ireland, the country has a long history of coffeehouses and its coffee culture has created a drink that has gained worldwide popularity. [[Irish coffee]] is a blend of hot coffee, [[whiskey]], and [[whipped cream]]. It is usually served after dinner in many Irish establishments.<ref name=":5" />
| |
| | |
| ==== Italy ====
| |
| [[File:Modern espresso machine.jpg|thumb|Modern espresso machine.]]
| |
| As the birthplace of the [[espresso machine]], Italy equates coffee to [[espresso]]. You can pick one up at a Neapolitan bar or any nameless cafe in the countryside. One may get their espressos suited to their tastes.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> The most popular coffee-based beverages are:
| |
| * Caffè (espresso)
| |
| * Caffè macchiato: espresso with a small amount of milk or milk foam
| |
| *Cappuccino: espresso with steamed milk foam
| |
| * Caffè corretto: espresso with a small amount of an alcoholic beverage, as [[brandy]], [[sambuca]], [[grappa]], or [[cognac]]
| |
| * Caffellatte (or caffè latte): coffee and milk, usually in a 1:1 proportion
| |
| * Latte macchiato: coffee and milk, usually in a 1:2 or 1:3 proportion
| |
| * Caffè americano: an espresso with more water
| |
| {{Main|Coffee in Italy}}
| |
| | |
| ==== Nordic Countries ====
| |
| The well-known coffee-break was created in the Nordic region, particularly Sweden and Finland. The [[Fika (Sweden)|fika]] (pause) tradition calls for two breaks around 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. during the work day. A very social event, fika is usually a coming-together of loved ones, friends, and colleagues over strong coffee and a shared sweet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/10/swedish-coffee-break_n_7033082.html|title=What We Could All Learn from Sweden's Coffee Break Ritual|last=Spiegel|first=Alison|date=April 10, 2015|website=Huffington Post}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| ==== Portugal ====
| |
| In the past, Portugal imported most of its coffee beans from Brazil, which heavily influenced its coffee culture. Using mainly robusta beans, Portuguese coffee is made very strong, and the usual order is a Bica (only in Lisbon), a very bitter shot of espresso. According to a legend, this is an acronym for "Beba Isso Com Açúcar", which translates to "drink this with sugar". Much like Nordic cultures, coffee in Portugal is used for shared time among friends.<ref name=":4" />
| |
| | |
| ==== Spain ====
| |
| [[File:Café Comercial Interior 1.jpg|thumb|[[Café Comercial]] coffeehouse in Madrid]]
| |
| Coffee is a way of life in Spain. It is consumed during almost every meal, but most often during the {{lang|es|almuerzo}}, a small meal in the middle of the day, and after the {{lang|es|cena}} or dinner. The various staples of the coffee life are:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.spainmadesimple.com/spanish-coffee/|title=Spanish Coffee|date=2016|website=Spain Made Simple|publisher=Spain Made Simple}}</ref>
| |
| * Café solo: espresso
| |
| ** Café cortado: espresso with a small amount of milk
| |
| ** Café con Hielo: iced espresso
| |
| ** Café Americano: Café solo with more water
| |
| ** Café caramel/ Café bonbon: espresso/ Café Solo with condensed milk
| |
| * Café doble: double espresso
| |
| * Café con leche: coffee with milk
| |
| * Carajillo: espresso with a small amount of rum, brandy, or whiskey
| |
| ** Trifasico (Catalan): Carajillo with milk
| |
| * Café sombra/ café manchada: a glass of milk with a small amount of coffee
| |
| * Café suizo: coffee with whipped cream
| |
| | |
| ====Yugoslavia====
| |
| {{main|Coffee culture in former Yugoslavia}}
| |
| | |
| === Latin America ===
| |
| [[File:ElSalvadorfairtradecoffee.jpg|thumb|Salvadorian coffee farmers.]]
| |
| [[Latin America]] is defined as the territories and countries in the Americas whose main languages are Romantic. A majority of the top-producing coffee countries are in this region, and small, family-owned coffee businesses are still fairly successful. Coffee, especially with the combination of European and indigenous cultures, is extremely popular and unique to each region.
| |
| | |
| ==== Mexico ====
| |
| The most popular form of coffee in Mexico is [[café de olla]]. Its name derives from how the coffee is made in a clay pot. Traditionally, [[Panela|piloncillo]], unrefined brown sugar, and a [[cinnamon]] stick is served with the dark roast coffee made in the pot.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/02/27/coffee-countries-around-the-world_n_2774882.html|title=Coffee Countries: How a Cup of Joe is Enjoyed Around the World?|date=October 24, 2016|website=huffingtonpost.ca|publisher=The Huffington Post}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| ==== Brazil ====
| |
| Coffee's extreme popularity in Brazil reaches all ages and demographics. One of the most popular drinks of the country is café com leite, which is extreme strong coffee blended with a large amount of milk. This drink is usually served at breakfast to adults and children alike. Another popular Brazilian drink is the cafezinho, made with a strong coffee blend similar to that used in café com leite and a large portion of sugar.<ref name=":4" />
| |
| | |
| ==== Ecuador ====
| |
| Coffee in Ecuador is often pre-sweetened and made using instant coffee. When one orders a café con leche, they receive a large glass of steamed milk with a small pile of [[instant coffee]]. In order to request coffee made in the traditional sense, the correct way to order is to request a café filtrado.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/coffee-here-and-coffee-there-how-different-people-serve-the-worlds-favorite-hot-drink-3214272/|title=Coffee Here, and Coffee There: How Different People Serve the World's Favorite Hot Drink|last=Bland|first=Alastair|date=March 15, 2013|website=www.smithsonianmag.com|publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| ==== Cuba ====
| |
| Much like in Brazil, coffee is best enjoyed within the family in Cuba. Cuban coffee is usually a coffee ration mixed with a store-bought coffee blend, is accessible. It is usually made very strong, but sweet. One popular form is the café cubano, or the cafecito, which is an espresso made with sugar. A less sweet version is the [[cortadito]], an espresso with steamed milk.<ref name=":4" />
| |
| | |
| ==== Costa Rica ====
| |
| {{Empty section|date=January 2021}}
| |
| | |
| ==== Nicaragua ====
| |
| {{Empty section|date=January 2021}}
| |
| | |
| === North America ===
| |
| Although Canada consumes more coffee than the United States, the populations of both countries enjoy quick, fast, and sugary consumptions of coffee. Both are dominated by coffee chains (e.g. [[Tim Hortons|Tim Horton's]] and [[Starbucks]]), yet have different [[coffee culture]]s from region to region. For example, the Northeastern U.S. mostly wants fast coffee (e.g. [[Dunkin' Donuts|Dunkin Donuts]] "Everybody runs on Dunkin" slogan). While places like Portland, OR and San Francisco, CA have developed a more hipster-esque style café-roaster coffee culture.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/12/travel/portlands-purist-coffee-scene.html|title=In Portland, Ore., a D.I.Y Coffee Culture|last=Strand|first=Olivia|date=February 10, 2012|website=NY Times|publisher=The New York Times Company}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| === East Asia ===
| |
| Coffee culture is a relatively new, yet large phenomenon in East Asia. Coffee shops, both Starbucks and smaller businesses, have been growing exponentially in urban areas. The most popular coffee shops are those in which tradition has blended with the new surge of coffee culture.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=http://www.scaa.org/chronicle/2016/04/27/the-blossoming-coffee-culture-of-southeast-asia/|title=The Blossoming Coffee Culture of Southeast Asia|last=Serna|first=Bronwen|date=April 27, 2016|website=The Specialty Coffee Chronicle|publisher=Specialty Coffee Association of America}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| ==== Japan ====
| |
| Japanese coffee culture has been able to blend that of North American coffee culture and Japanese tea culture.<ref name=":4" /> While the country does have its fast coffee pickups in the major cities, it is also developing coffee shops similar to those of traditional tea shops. These coffee shops are very trendy, with latte designs and popular Japanese culture; however, they also try to preserve the politeness and methods of old Japanese tea serving.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theplate.nationalgeographic.com/2015/09/11/the-way-of-coffee-japan-brews-up-its-own-unique-culture/|title=The Way of Coffee: Japan Brews Up Its Own Unique Culture|last=Beser|first=Ari|date=September 11, 2015|website=National Geographic|publisher=The National Geographic}}</ref>
| |
| {{main|Coffee in Japan}}
| |
| | |
| ==== Korea ====
| |
| {{Main|Coffee in Korea}}
| |
| | |
| ==== Southeast Asian coffee culture ====
| |
| Kopitiam is a traditional Southeast Asian coffeehouse, and is most popular in Singapore and Malaysia. All generations hang out at kopitiams, while drinking strong green tea and coffee with milk in their traditional forms. While these exist in almost every neighborhood, more modern versions of coffee are spreading across major cities and coffee centers. While urban areas have adopted the trend of nano- and micro-roasters, coffee growing cities (e.g. Bangkok and Jakarta) have created their own speciality blends that are sold in local speciality coffee shops.<ref name=":7" />
| |
| | |
| ===== Vietnam =====
| |
| [[File:Vietnamese coffees (4381041370).jpg|thumb|Vietnamese Iced Coffee in preparation.]]
| |
| As the French brought coffee to Vietnam, it bears its influence heavily. Similarly, coffee is a large part of both cultures. For example, the Vietnamese take their coffee very seriously, only importing the best roasts and blends. However, when referring to Vietnamese coffee, words like "success" and "discover" are used.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/asia/vietnam/ho-chi-minh-city/articles/Vietnam-Ho-Chi-Minh-Citys-coffee-culture/|title=Vietnam: Ho Chi Minh City's Coffee Culture|last=Graydon|first=Nicola|date=October 6, 2014|website=The Telegraph|publisher=Telegraph Media Group Limited}}</ref> The most popular coffee drink in Vietnam is ca phe sua da, or "coffee, milk, ice". This drink is created by mixing strong coffee poured through a water drip and sweetened condensed milk, and then pouring that over ice.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />
| |
| | |
| ====India====
| |
| {{Empty section|date=January 2021}}
| |
| Coffee was first smuggled into India in the 16th century and has been grown in the states of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu ever since. While tea is the preferred beverage of most Indians, coffee found a foothold among families in southern India. The morning ritual of South Indian filter coffee brewing flourishes in these states, with families procuring small lots of plantation coffee beans ground from neighborhood stores and preparing strong concoctions by pouring hot water over powder lined in a filter. This is mixed with sweetened milk and served in a steel tumbler and dabarah saucer, a set of containers used to cool the beverage. The addition of chicory, a practice encouraged by the Coffee Board during World War II as a means of rationing supply, has now become tradition. The Coffee Board also started the Indian Coffee House chain during the 1940s which became a hub for socio-political movements in major cities through the decades after independence. In the 1990s, the Indian cafe chain Cafe Coffee Day ushered in an era of social interactions over coffee, introducing a new generation to the beverage with their slogan "A Lot Can Happen Over Coffee". Since then, international chains like Starbucks, along with a slew of artisanal coffee roasters, have further driven consumption in urban India.
| |
| | |
| ===Oceania===
| |
| ====Australia and New Zealand====
| |
| {{Main|Flat white|Long black}}
| |
| | |
| ====Indonesia====
| |
| {{Empty section|date=January 2021}}
| |
| | |
| == References ==
| |
| {{reflist}}
| |
| | |
| {{Portal bar|Coffee|Society}}
| |
| {{Coffee}}
| |
| | |
| [[Category:Coffee culture]] | |
| {{dictionary-stub1}}
| |
An overview of coffee's role in various cultures around the world
Introduction[edit]
Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain Coffea species. It is one of the most popular beverages worldwide and has a significant cultural impact in many societies. This article explores the role of coffee in various cultures around the world, highlighting its historical, social, and economic significance.
History of Coffee[edit]
The history of coffee dates back to the 15th century, with its origins in the Ethiopian Highlands. From there, it spread to the Arabian Peninsula, where it became an integral part of the Islamic world. By the 17th century, coffee had reached Europe, where it quickly gained popularity. Coffeehouses became centers of social interaction and intellectual exchange, often referred to as "penny universities" due to the stimulating conversations they hosted.
Coffee in the Middle East[edit]
In the Middle East, coffee is deeply embedded in the culture and is often associated with hospitality. Traditional Arab coffee, known as "qahwa," is typically prepared with cardamom and served in small cups. Coffee ceremonies are an important aspect of social gatherings, and the preparation and serving of coffee are considered an art form.
Coffee in Europe[edit]
Europe embraced coffee in the 17th century, with Italy and France becoming prominent centers of coffee culture. The Italian espresso is a staple of Italian life, and the French café is a symbol of leisure and social interaction. Coffeehouses in Vienna and London became popular meeting places for artists, writers, and intellectuals.
Coffee in the Americas[edit]
In the United States, coffee is a ubiquitous part of daily life, with a strong culture of coffee consumption. The rise of coffee chains like Starbucks has popularized specialty coffee drinks and the "coffee to go" culture. In Latin America, countries like Brazil and Colombia are major coffee producers, and coffee plays a significant role in their economies and cultural identities.
Coffee in Asia[edit]
In Asia, coffee culture varies widely. In Japan, coffee is enjoyed in both traditional kissaten (coffee shops) and modern cafés. Vietnam is known for its unique coffee preparations, such as "cà phê sữa đá," a sweet iced coffee made with condensed milk. In India, coffee is popular in the southern regions, where "filter coffee" is a traditional beverage.
Coffee in Africa[edit]
As the birthplace of coffee, Africa has a rich coffee culture. In Ethiopia, coffee ceremonies are a traditional practice, involving the roasting, grinding, and brewing of coffee beans in a ritualistic manner. Coffee is also a significant export product for many African countries, contributing to their economies.
Social and Economic Impact[edit]
Coffee has a profound social and economic impact worldwide. It is a major commodity in international trade, with millions of people involved in its cultivation, processing, and distribution. Coffeehouses serve as important social hubs, fostering community and conversation. The global coffee industry also influences cultural trends and consumer behavior.
Related pages[edit]
