Gujarati: Difference between revisions
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Latest revision as of 17:13, 22 March 2025
Gujarati is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian state of Gujarat. It is part of the greater Indo-European language family. Gujarati is the 26th most spoken native language in the world, with 46.1 million speakers worldwide. It is the 8th most widely spoken language in India.
History[edit]
The history of Gujarati language can be traced back to the 12th century. It evolved from a dialect of the Gurjara Apabhramsa. It reached a distinctive form by the 16th century. The first grammar of the language was written by Jain monk and scholar Hemachandra Suri in the reign of Solanki king Siddharaj Jaisinh of Anhilwara.
Dialects[edit]
Gujarati has about 11 dialects, broadly classified into two categories: Saurashtra Standard, and Non-Saurashtra Standard. The former includes the standard dialect, while the latter includes the Surati, Pattani, Kharwa, Kathiawari, and East African Gujarati dialects.
Script[edit]
The Gujarati script was adapted from the Devanagari script to write the Gujarati language. The earliest known document in the Gujarati script is a manuscript dating from 1592, and the script first appeared in print in a 1797 advertisement.
Phonology[edit]
Gujarati has a relatively small vowel inventory that is common among Indo-Aryan languages. It has 7 vowel phonemes, i.e., sounds that differentiate word meaning.
Grammar[edit]
Gujarati is a highly inflected language with a rich verbal morphology. Like all Indo-Aryan languages, Gujarati is agglutinative, i.e., it adds suffixes to nominal stems to mark grammatical categories.
Vocabulary[edit]
The core vocabulary of Gujarati is Indo-Aryan. It has also borrowed words from Persian, Arabic, Portuguese, English and other languages.
Literature[edit]
Gujarati literature's history may be traced to 1000 AD. The history of Gujarati literature includes the folklore, the saint-poets, the Bhakti movement, the social reform movement, trends of modernization and cultural cross-currents.
