Stereotypy

Stereotypy is a repetitive or ritualistic movement, posture, or utterance. Stereotypies may be simple movements such as body rocking, or complex, such as self-caressing, crossing and uncrossing of legs, and marching in place. They are found in people with intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, and stereotypic movement disorder. Stereotypy is also a feature of various neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease and tardive dyskinesia.

Definition

Stereotypy is defined as a non-goal-directed motor behavior that is repeated continuously for a period and is typically distractible. Stereotypic behaviors are often rhythmic, repetitive, predictable, apparently purposeless, and often result in self-injury.

Causes

The exact cause of stereotypy is unknown, but it is thought to be linked to the neurotransmitter dopamine. Some theories suggest that stereotypy is a way to stimulate the sensory system, while others suggest it is a way to calm the sensory system.

Treatment

Treatment for stereotypy often involves behavioral interventions, including behavioral therapy, occupational therapy, and physical therapy. Medications may also be used to manage symptoms, including antipsychotic drugs and SSRIs.

See also

• Autism
• Intellectual disability
• Parkinson's disease
• Tardive dyskinesia

References

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