Grisel's syndrome

Grisel's syndrome is a rare medical condition that primarily affects children. It is characterized by the non-traumatic subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint, which is the joint between the first and second cervical vertebrae. This condition is often associated with upper respiratory tract infections and otolaryngological procedures.

Symptoms

The main symptom of Grisel's syndrome is neck pain and torticollis, which is an abnormal, asymmetrical head or neck position. Other symptoms may include fever, headache, and difficulty swallowing.

Causes

The exact cause of Grisel's syndrome is unknown. However, it is believed to be related to an inflammatory process that affects the ligaments around the atlanto-axial joint. This inflammation can lead to a weakening of the ligaments, allowing the joint to subluxate.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Grisel's syndrome is based on clinical symptoms and imaging studies. Radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment of Grisel's syndrome involves immobilization of the neck, usually with a cervical collar. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary.

Prognosis

With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the prognosis for Grisel's syndrome is generally good. However, if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications, including permanent neck deformity and neurological damage.

See also

• Atlanto-axial joint
• Subluxation
• Torticollis

References

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