Urine cytology: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 23:47, 9 February 2025

Urine Cytology

Urine cytology is a diagnostic test used to detect cancer and other diseases of the urinary tract. It involves the examination of cells in a urine sample under a microscope. This test is particularly useful for identifying urothelial carcinoma, a type of bladder cancer.

Procedure

The urine cytology test is typically performed on a freshly voided urine sample. The sample is processed to concentrate the cells, which are then stained using the Papanicolaou stain (Pap stain) to enhance cellular detail. A cytopathologist examines the stained cells under a microscope to identify any abnormalities.

Indications

Urine cytology is primarily indicated for patients with symptoms suggestive of bladder cancer, such as hematuria (blood in the urine), or for those with a history of bladder cancer to monitor for recurrence. It may also be used to evaluate other urinary tract conditions.

The Paris System

The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology is a standardized reporting system that categorizes urine cytology findings into specific diagnostic categories. This system aims to improve the accuracy and consistency of urine cytology reports, particularly in the detection of high-grade urothelial carcinoma.

Limitations

While urine cytology is effective in detecting high-grade urothelial carcinoma, it has limitations in identifying low-grade tumors. False negatives can occur, and the test may not detect all types of bladder cancer. Therefore, it is often used in conjunction with other diagnostic methods, such as cystoscopy.

Related Pages

References

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-'''Urine cytology''' is a test that looks for abnormal cells in [[urine]] under a microscope. The test commonly checks for infection, inflammatory disease of the [[urinary tract]], [[cancer]], or [[precancer]]ous conditions. If a cancerous condition is detected, other tests and procedures are usually recommended to diagnose cancers, including [[bladder cancer]], [[ureteral cancer]] and [[cancer of the urethra]]. It is especially recommended when blood in the urine ([[hematuria]]) has been detected.
+== Urine Cytology ==
-Urine typically contains [[epithelial cell]]s shed from the urinary tract, and urine cytology evaluates this urinary sediment for the presence of cancerous cells<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/urine-cytology/about/pac-20385279 |title=Urine cytology - Mayo Clinic|website=www.mayoclinic.org|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref> from the lining of the urinary tract, and it is a convenient noninvasive technique for follow-up analysis of patients treated for urinary tract cancers.
+[[File:The_Paris_System_for_reporting_urinary_cytology_2.0.png|thumb|The Paris System for reporting urinary cytology]]
+[[File:Cytology_of_normal_urothelial_cells,_Pap_stain.jpg|thumb|Cytology of normal urothelial cells, Pap stain]]
+[[File:HIgh-Grade_Urothelial_Carcinoma_(28263697589).jpg|thumb|High-grade urothelial carcinoma]]
+[[File:Decoy_cell_cytology.png|thumb|Decoy cell cytology]]
+[[File:Urine_cytology_with_red_blood_cells.jpg|thumb|Urine cytology with red blood cells]]
-For this process, urine must be collected in a reliable fashion, and if urine samples are inadequate, the urinary tract can be assessed via [[instrumentation]], such as a [[catheter]]. In urine cytology, collected urine is examined microscopically.
+'''Urine cytology''' is a diagnostic test used to detect [[cancer]] and other diseases of the [[urinary tract]]. It involves the examination of cells in a urine sample under a [[microscope]]. This test is particularly useful for identifying [[urothelial carcinoma]], a type of bladder cancer.
-One limitation, however, is the inability to definitively identify [[Grading (tumors)|low-grade]] cancer cells and urine cytology is used mostly to identify high-grade [[tumor]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Auger |first=Manon |last2=Kassouf |first2=Wassim |last3=Aprikian |first3=Armen|last4=Case|first4=Bruce|last5=Vollmer|first5=Robin T. |last6=Brimo |first6=Fadi|date=2009-11-01|title=Accuracy of Urine Cytology and the Significance of an Atypical Category |url=https://academic.oup.com/ajcp/article/132/5/785/1766588 |journal=American Journal of Clinical Pathology|language=en|volume=132|issue=5|pages=785–793 |doi=10.1309/AJCPPRZLG9KT9AXL |pmid=19846822|issn=0002-9173}}</ref>
+== Procedure ==
-If the test detects atypical or cancerous cells, further tests may be recommended, such as [[cystoscopy]] and a [[CT scan]].
+The urine cytology test is typically performed on a freshly voided urine sample. The sample is processed to concentrate the cells, which are then stained using the [[Papanicolaou stain]] (Pap stain) to enhance cellular detail. A [[cytopathologist]] examines the stained cells under a microscope to identify any abnormalities.
+== Indications ==
+Urine cytology is primarily indicated for patients with symptoms suggestive of bladder cancer, such as [[hematuria]] (blood in the urine), or for those with a history of bladder cancer to monitor for recurrence. It may also be used to evaluate other urinary tract conditions.
+== The Paris System ==
+The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology is a standardized reporting system that categorizes urine cytology findings into specific diagnostic categories. This system aims to improve the accuracy and consistency of urine cytology reports, particularly in the detection of high-grade urothelial carcinoma.
+== Limitations ==
+While urine cytology is effective in detecting high-grade urothelial carcinoma, it has limitations in identifying low-grade tumors. False negatives can occur, and the test may not detect all types of bladder cancer. Therefore, it is often used in conjunction with other diagnostic methods, such as [[cystoscopy]].
+== Related Pages ==
+* [[Bladder cancer]]
+* [[Cytopathology]]
+* [[Papanicolaou test]]
+== References ==
-==References==
 {{Reflist}}
-[[Category:Urine tests]]
+[[Category:Medical tests]]
+[[Category:Cytopathology]]
-{{oncology-stub}}