Trimethadione: Difference between revisions

Trimethadione
INN
Drug class
Routes of administration	Oral
Pregnancy category
Bioavailability	100%
Metabolism	Hepatic
Elimination half-life	16-24 hours
Excretion	Renal
Legal status	Rx-only
CAS Number	127-48-0
PubChem	5563
DrugBank	DB00347
ChemSpider	5363
KEGG	D00382

Newer edit →

Revision as of 12:00, 9 February 2025

An anticonvulsant medication

Trimethadione is a medication used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy, specifically for absence seizures. It was one of the first anticonvulsant drugs developed and was introduced in the 1940s. Trimethadione is known by the brand name Tridione.

Medical uses

Trimethadione is used to control absence seizures, which are a type of generalized seizure characterized by brief lapses in consciousness. It is not effective for other types of seizures such as tonic-clonic seizures or partial seizures.

Mechanism of action

The exact mechanism by which trimethadione exerts its anticonvulsant effects is not fully understood. It is believed to work by modulating the activity of voltage-gated calcium channels in the thalamus, which play a key role in the generation of absence seizures.

Side effects

Common side effects of trimethadione include drowsiness, dizziness, and nausea. More serious side effects can include blood dyscrasias, liver toxicity, and dermatological reactions. Long-term use can lead to gingival hyperplasia and hirsutism.

Contraindications

Trimethadione is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to the drug. It is also not recommended for use during pregnancy due to the risk of teratogenicity.

History

Trimethadione was first synthesized in the 1940s and was one of the earliest anticonvulsant drugs used to treat absence seizures. It has largely been replaced by newer medications such as ethosuximide and valproic acid, which have more favorable side effect profiles.

Related pages

References

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Trimethadione''' is an [[anticonvulsant]] medication that was primarily used in the treatment of [[epilepsy]]. It was first synthesized in the 1940s and was marketed under the brand name ''Tridione''.
+{{Short description|An anticonvulsant medication}}
+{{Drugbox
+| verifiedfields = changed
+| verifiedrevid = 477002123
+| IUPAC_name = 3,5,5-Trimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione
+| image = Trimethadione.svg
+| width = 200px
+| tradename = Tridione
+| pregnancy_AU = D
+| pregnancy_US = D
+| legal_status = Rx-only
+| routes_of_administration = Oral
+| bioavailability = 100%
+| protein_bound = 0%
+| metabolism = Hepatic
+| elimination_half-life = 16-24 hours
+| excretion = Renal
+| CAS_number = 127-48-0
+| ATC_prefix = N03
+| ATC_suffix = AD01
+| PubChem = 5563
+| DrugBank = DB00347
+| ChemSpiderID = 5363
+| UNII = 3Z8Z60B3YX
+| KEGG = D00382
+| ChEBI = 4598
+| ChEMBL = 1201310
+| C=6
+| H=9
+| N=1
+| O=2
+| smiles = CC1(C)C(=O)N(C)C(=O)O1
+| StdInChI = 1S/C6H9NO2/c1-6(2)4(8)7(3)5(9)10-6/h1-3H3
+| StdInChIKey = ZLJMRSGQIGNYQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
+}}
-== History ==
+'''Trimethadione''' is a medication used primarily in the treatment of [[epilepsy]], specifically for [[absence seizures]]. It was one of the first anticonvulsant drugs developed and was introduced in the 1940s. Trimethadione is known by the brand name '''Tridione'''.
-Trimethadione was first synthesized in the 1940s by the pharmaceutical company [[Abbott Laboratories]]. It was one of the first anticonvulsant drugs to be developed and was marketed under the brand name ''Tridione''. The drug was primarily used in the treatment of [[petit mal seizures]], a type of epilepsy that is characterized by brief, sudden lapses in consciousness.
+==Medical uses==
+Trimethadione is used to control [[absence seizures]], which are a type of [[generalized seizure]] characterized by brief lapses in consciousness. It is not effective for other types of seizures such as [[tonic-clonic seizures]] or [[partial seizures]].
-== Pharmacology ==
+==Mechanism of action==
+The exact mechanism by which trimethadione exerts its anticonvulsant effects is not fully understood. It is believed to work by modulating the activity of [[voltage-gated calcium channels]] in the [[thalamus]], which play a key role in the generation of absence seizures.
-Trimethadione works by reducing the firing rate of [[neurons]] in the brain. It does this by blocking [[T-type calcium channels]], which are responsible for the rapid firing of neurons that occurs during a seizure. By blocking these channels, trimethadione can help to prevent seizures from occurring.
+==Side effects==
+Common side effects of trimethadione include [[drowsiness]], [[dizziness]], and [[nausea]]. More serious side effects can include [[blood dyscrasias]], [[liver toxicity]], and [[dermatological reactions]]. Long-term use can lead to [[gingival hyperplasia]] and [[hirsutism]].
-== Side Effects and Risks ==
+==Contraindications==
+Trimethadione is contraindicated in patients with a history of [[hypersensitivity]] to the drug. It is also not recommended for use during [[pregnancy]] due to the risk of [[teratogenicity]].
-Like all medications, trimethadione can cause side effects. Some of the most common side effects of trimethadione include dizziness, nausea, and fatigue. In rare cases, trimethadione can cause more serious side effects, such as liver damage or blood disorders.
+==History==
+Trimethadione was first synthesized in the 1940s and was one of the earliest anticonvulsant drugs used to treat absence seizures. It has largely been replaced by newer medications such as [[ethosuximide]] and [[valproic acid]], which have more favorable side effect profiles.
-One of the most serious risks associated with trimethadione is the potential for [[teratogenicity]]. Studies have shown that women who take trimethadione during pregnancy have an increased risk of having a child with birth defects. Because of this risk, trimethadione is typically only used as a last resort, when other anticonvulsant medications have proven ineffective.
+==Related pages==
+* [[Ethosuximide]]
+* [[Valproic acid]]
+* [[Epilepsy]]
+* [[Seizure types]]
-== Current Use ==
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
-Today, trimethadione is rarely used due to the availability of newer, safer anticonvulsant medications. However, it may still be used in some cases where other treatments have proven ineffective.
-== See Also ==
-* [[Anticonvulsant]]
-* [[Epilepsy]]
-* [[T-type calcium channel]]
-* [[Teratogenicity]]
 [[Category:Anticonvulsants]]
-[[Category:Epilepsy]]
+[[Category:Oxazolidinediones]]
-[[Category:Pharmacology]]
+[[Category:Epilepsy treatments]]
-{{Pharma-stub}}
-{{medicine-stub}}