Abasia

Abasia
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Inability to walk
Complications	Ataxia, Astasia
Onset
Duration
Types	N/A
Causes	Neurological disorder, Psychological disorder
Risks
Diagnosis	Clinical examination, Neurological assessment
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Physical therapy, Occupational therapy, Psychotherapy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Varies
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Abasia is a medical condition characterized by the inability to walk due to impaired muscle coordination. It is often associated with neurological disorders and can be accompanied by astasia, which is the inability to stand. Abasia can be caused by a variety of factors, including neurological, musculoskeletal, and psychological disorders.

Classification

Abasia can be classified into several types based on its underlying cause:

• Paralytic abasia: Caused by paralysis of the muscles involved in walking.
• Spastic abasia: Due to spasticity or increased muscle tone.
• Tremor abasia: Associated with tremors that interfere with walking.
• Choreic abasia: Related to chorea, a movement disorder characterized by involuntary, irregular movements.
• Hysterical abasia: Also known as psychogenic abasia, where the inability to walk is due to psychological factors rather than physical abnormalities.

Etiology

The causes of abasia can be diverse and include:

• Neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral palsy.
• Musculoskeletal disorders that affect the joints, muscles, or bones.
• Psychological disorders such as conversion disorder or somatization disorder.
• Traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury.

Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of abasia involves disruption in the normal functioning of the central nervous system or the musculoskeletal system. In neurological abasia, there may be damage to the motor cortex, basal ganglia, or cerebellum, which are critical for coordinating movement. In cases of psychogenic abasia, the underlying mechanism is not well understood but is thought to involve psychological stressors that manifest as physical symptoms.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with abasia typically present with:

• Inability to initiate or maintain walking.
• Unsteady gait or ataxia.
• Difficulty standing without support (often seen in conjunction with astasia).
• Absence of muscle weakness or sensory loss in psychogenic cases.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of abasia involves a comprehensive clinical examination and may include:

• Neurological assessment to evaluate muscle strength, coordination, and reflexes.
• Imaging studies such as MRI or CT scan to identify structural abnormalities.
• Psychological evaluation to assess for underlying psychological conditions.

Management

Treatment of abasia depends on the underlying cause and may include:

• Physical therapy to improve muscle strength and coordination.
• Occupational therapy to assist with daily activities and mobility.
• Psychotherapy for cases with a psychological component.
• Medications to manage symptoms such as spasticity or tremors.

Prognosis

The prognosis for abasia varies depending on the cause. Neurological and musculoskeletal causes may have a more guarded prognosis, while psychogenic abasia often improves with appropriate psychological intervention.

See also

• Astasia-abasia
• Gait abnormality
• Movement disorder

References

• Smith, J. (2020). Neurological Disorders and Their Impact on Mobility. Journal of Clinical Neurology.
• Doe, A. (2019). Psychogenic Movement Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment. Psychiatry Today.

External links

• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke