Mestranol/hydroxyprogesterone acetate: Difference between revisions

Mestranol/hydroxyprogesterone acetate
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Latest revision as of 03:00, 11 December 2024

Combination hormonal medication

Mestranol/hydroxyprogesterone acetate is a combination medication used in the past for hormonal therapy. It combines two active ingredients: mestranol, an estrogen, and hydroxyprogesterone acetate, a progestin. This combination was primarily used for contraception and hormone replacement therapy.

Pharmacology[edit]

Mestranol is a prodrug of ethinylestradiol, meaning it is converted into ethinylestradiol in the body. Ethinylestradiol is a potent estrogen that works by inhibiting ovulation and causing changes in the cervical mucus and endometrial lining, making it less suitable for implantation.

Hydroxyprogesterone acetate is a synthetic progestin that mimics the effects of progesterone. It works by suppressing the secretion of gonadotropins from the pituitary gland, which prevents ovulation. It also induces changes in the endometrium that make it less receptive to a fertilized egg.

Medical Uses[edit]

The combination of mestranol and hydroxyprogesterone acetate was used for:

Contraception: To prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation and altering the uterine lining.
Hormone replacement therapy: To alleviate symptoms of menopause such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness.

Side Effects[edit]

Common side effects of mestranol/hydroxyprogesterone acetate include:

Nausea
Headache
Breast tenderness
Weight gain

Serious side effects may include:

Increased risk of thrombosis
Hypertension
Liver dysfunction

History[edit]

Mestranol/hydroxyprogesterone acetate was developed in the mid-20th century as one of the early forms of oral contraceptives. However, it has largely been replaced by newer formulations with improved safety profiles and fewer side effects.

References[edit]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-== Mestranol/hydroxyprogesterone acetate ==
+{{Short description|Combination hormonal medication}}
+{{Drugbox
+| Verifiedfields = changed
+| verifiedrevid = 477002123
+| image = Mestranol.svg
+| image2 = Hydroxyprogesterone acetate.svg
+| width = 200
+| caption = Chemical structure of Mestranol (top) and Hydroxyprogesterone acetate (bottom)
+}}
-Mestranol/hydroxyprogesterone acetate is a combination medication used for hormonal contraception. It contains two active ingredients: mestranol, which is an estrogen, and hydroxyprogesterone acetate, which is a progestin. This combination provides effective contraception by preventing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus to inhibit sperm penetration, and altering the endometrium to prevent implantation.
+'''Mestranol/hydroxyprogesterone acetate''' is a combination medication used in the past for hormonal therapy. It combines two active ingredients: [[mestranol]], an estrogen, and [[hydroxyprogesterone acetate]], a progestin. This combination was primarily used for [[contraception]] and [[hormone replacement therapy]].
-=== Composition ===
+==Pharmacology==
+Mestranol is a prodrug of [[ethinylestradiol]], meaning it is converted into ethinylestradiol in the body. Ethinylestradiol is a potent estrogen that works by inhibiting ovulation and causing changes in the cervical mucus and endometrial lining, making it less suitable for implantation.
-Mestranol/hydroxyprogesterone acetate is available in the form of oral tablets. Each tablet contains a fixed dose of mestranol and hydroxyprogesterone acetate. The specific dosage may vary depending on the brand and formulation.
+Hydroxyprogesterone acetate is a synthetic progestin that mimics the effects of [[progesterone]]. It works by suppressing the secretion of gonadotropins from the pituitary gland, which prevents ovulation. It also induces changes in the endometrium that make it less receptive to a fertilized egg.
-=== Mechanism of Action ===
+==Medical Uses==
+The combination of mestranol and hydroxyprogesterone acetate was used for:
+* [[Contraception]]: To prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation and altering the uterine lining.
+* [[Hormone replacement therapy]]: To alleviate symptoms of menopause such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness.
-Mestranol, as an estrogen, works by inhibiting the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland. This prevents the development and maturation of ovarian follicles, thereby preventing ovulation. Additionally, mestranol increases the thickness of cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to penetrate the cervix.
+==Side Effects==
+Common side effects of mestranol/hydroxyprogesterone acetate include:
+* Nausea
+* Headache
+* Breast tenderness
+* Weight gain
-Hydroxyprogesterone acetate, as a progestin, acts by suppressing the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland. This further inhibits ovulation and helps maintain a consistent contraceptive effect. Hydroxyprogesterone acetate also alters the endometrium, making it less receptive to implantation.
+Serious side effects may include:
+* Increased risk of [[thrombosis]]
+* Hypertension
+* Liver dysfunction
-=== Indications ===
+==History==
+Mestranol/hydroxyprogesterone acetate was developed in the mid-20th century as one of the early forms of oral contraceptives. However, it has largely been replaced by newer formulations with improved safety profiles and fewer side effects.
-Mestranol/hydroxyprogesterone acetate is primarily indicated for the prevention of pregnancy. It is a reliable and convenient method of contraception when used correctly. However, it does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
+==See Also==
+* [[Oral contraceptive formulations]]
+* [[Ethinylestradiol]]
+* [[Progesterone]]
+* [[Hormone replacement therapy]]
-=== Dosage and Administration ===
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
-The dosage and administration of mestranol/hydroxyprogesterone acetate may vary depending on the specific brand and formulation. It is important to carefully read and follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer or healthcare professional.
+[[Category:Combined hormonal contraceptives]]
+[[Category:Estrogens]]
-Typically, the medication is taken orally once daily, preferably at the same time each day, for 21 consecutive days. This is followed by a 7-day interval without medication, during which withdrawal bleeding usually occurs. After the 7-day interval, a new pack is started, regardless of whether bleeding has stopped or not.
+[[Category:Progestogens]]
-=== Side Effects ===
-Common side effects of mestranol/hydroxyprogesterone acetate may include nausea, breast tenderness, headache, breakthrough bleeding, and mood changes. These side effects are usually mild and transient, resolving on their own. However, if they persist or worsen, it is important to consult a healthcare professional.
-Rare but serious side effects may include blood clots, liver problems, and allergic reactions. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, chest pain, shortness of breath, yellowing of the skin or eyes, or a severe allergic reaction (e.g., rash, itching, swelling).
-=== Precautions ===
-Mestranol/hydroxyprogesterone acetate should not be used in certain conditions, such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, history of blood clots, liver disease, or certain types of cancer. It is important to disclose your complete medical history and any current medications to your healthcare professional before starting this medication.
-Smoking increases the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects associated with hormonal contraceptives. Therefore, it is generally advised to avoid smoking while using mestranol/hydroxyprogesterone acetate.
-=== Interactions ===
-Mestranol/hydroxyprogesterone acetate may interact with certain medications, including anticonvulsants, antibiotics, antifungals, and herbal supplements. These interactions can affect the efficacy of the contraceptive or increase the risk of side effects. It is important to inform your healthcare professional about all medications you are taking before starting this medication.
-=== Conclusion ===
-Mestranol/hydroxyprogesterone acetate is an effective combination medication for hormonal contraception. It provides reliable contraception by preventing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, and altering the endometrium. However, it is important to use this medication as directed and consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice.<br>{{stub}}
-{{dictionary-stub1}}