FACES syndrome

FACES syndrome (also known as FACES association) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by a combination of craniofacial, cardiac, and other systemic anomalies. The acronym FACES stands for "Facial features, Anorectal malformations, Cardiac defects, Eye abnormalities, and Skeletal anomalies."

Clinical Features

Individuals with FACES syndrome may present with a variety of clinical features, which can include:

• Facial dysmorphism: Distinctive facial features such as a broad forehead, hypertelorism (wide-set eyes), and a flat nasal bridge.
• Anorectal malformations: Imperforate anus or other abnormalities of the anorectal region.
• Cardiac defects: Congenital heart defects such as ventricular septal defect (VSD) or atrial septal defect (ASD).
• Eye abnormalities: Conditions such as strabismus, cataracts, or coloboma.
• Skeletal anomalies: Limb abnormalities, vertebral defects, or other skeletal malformations.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of FACES syndrome is primarily clinical, based on the presence of the characteristic features. Genetic testing and imaging studies such as echocardiography and MRI may be used to identify specific anomalies and confirm the diagnosis.

Management

Management of FACES syndrome is multidisciplinary, involving various specialists such as pediatricians, cardiologists, ophthalmologists, and orthopedic surgeons. Treatment is tailored to the individual patient's needs and may include surgical correction of malformations, medical management of cardiac defects, and supportive therapies for developmental delays.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with FACES syndrome varies depending on the severity of the anomalies and the presence of associated complications. Early diagnosis and comprehensive management can improve outcomes and quality of life.

Related Pages

• Congenital disorder
• Craniofacial abnormalities
• Congenital heart defect
• Genetic testing
• Multidisciplinary approach

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