Facial dysmorphism
Facial Dysmorphism
Facial dysmorphism (pronounced: fay-shul dis-mor-fizm) is a term used in the field of medicine to describe abnormal or unusual features or characteristics of a person's face. The term is derived from the Greek words dys meaning "bad" or "difficult," and morphe meaning "shape" or "form."
Definition
Facial dysmorphism is a condition characterized by the presence of one or more abnormal features of the face. These abnormalities can range from minor variations in facial features to severe deformities. They can be present at birth or develop later in life due to a variety of causes, including genetic disorders, environmental factors, or certain medical conditions.
Causes
Facial dysmorphism can be caused by a variety of factors. Some of the most common causes include:
- Genetic disorders: Many genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Treacher Collins syndrome, can cause facial dysmorphism.
- Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental factors during pregnancy, such as alcohol or certain medications, can also cause facial dysmorphism. This is often referred to as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.
- Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as cleft lip and palate, can cause facial dysmorphism.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of facial dysmorphism is typically made through a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. In some cases, genetic testing may be used to identify the underlying cause of the dysmorphism.
Treatment
Treatment for facial dysmorphism depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. In some cases, surgery may be used to correct the dysmorphism. Other treatments may include physical therapy, speech therapy, and other supportive therapies.
Related Terms
- Dysmorphology: The study of human congenital malformations, particularly those affecting the form and structure of the individual.
- Syndrome: A group of symptoms that consistently occur together or a condition characterized by a set of associated symptoms.
- Genetic disorder: A disease caused by abnormalities in an individual's genetic material.
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