Liothyronine: Difference between revisions

Liothyronine
INN
Drug class
Routes of administration
Pregnancy category
Bioavailability
Metabolism
Elimination half-life
Excretion
Legal status
CAS Number
PubChem
DrugBank
ChemSpider
KEGG

Newer edit →

Revision as of 02:45, 11 December 2024

Overview of the use of Liothyronine in medical treatment

Liothyronine is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) and is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism and certain other medical conditions. It is known for its rapid onset of action and is often used when a quick response is desired.

Medical Uses

Liothyronine is primarily used to treat hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. It is also used in the treatment of myxedema coma, a severe form of hypothyroidism that requires immediate medical attention. Additionally, liothyronine may be used in diagnostic tests for thyroid function and as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of certain types of thyroid cancer.

Mechanism of Action

Liothyronine works by replacing or supplementing the natural thyroid hormones in the body. It increases the basal metabolic rate, affects protein synthesis, and increases the body's sensitivity to catecholamines (such as adrenaline) by permissiveness. It is more potent and has a faster onset of action compared to levothyroxine, another commonly used thyroid hormone replacement.

Dosage and Administration

Liothyronine is available in tablet form and is usually taken orally. The dosage of liothyronine is individualized based on the patient's age, weight, cardiovascular status, and the specific condition being treated. It is important to monitor thyroid function tests regularly to adjust the dosage as needed.

Side Effects

Common side effects of liothyronine include symptoms of hyperthyroidism such as increased heart rate, anxiety, weight loss, and insomnia. In rare cases, it can cause more serious side effects such as atrial fibrillation or osteoporosis with long-term use.

Contraindications

Liothyronine is contraindicated in patients with uncorrected adrenal insufficiency and in those with untreated thyrotoxicosis. Caution is advised in patients with cardiovascular disease due to the risk of exacerbating these conditions.

Interactions

Liothyronine can interact with several medications, including anticoagulants, insulin, and oral hypoglycemic agents. It can also affect the efficacy of digitalis glycosides and may require dosage adjustments of these medications.

Also see

References

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{intro}}
+{{Short description|Overview of the use of Liothyronine in medical treatment}}
-Thyroid hormones used therapeutically include crude thyroid extracts as well as synthetic forms of L-thyroxine (levothyroxine, T4) and L-triiodothyronine (liothyronine, T3).  Thyroid hormone plays an essential role in growth and development and regulates multiple metabolic processes that are responsible for functional homeostasis.
+{{Drugbox
+| Verifiedfields = changed
+| verifiedrevid = 477002654
+| IUPAC_name = (2S)-2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]propanoic acid
+| image = Liothyronine.svg
+| image_size = 200px
+| width =
+| alt =
+| caption = Chemical structure of Liothyronine
+}}
-{{livtox}}
+'''Liothyronine''' is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) and is used in the treatment of [[hypothyroidism]] and certain other medical conditions. It is known for its rapid onset of action and is often used when a quick response is desired.
-When given in high doses, thyroid hormone preparations can cause mild serum enzyme elevations.  In addition, standard doses of levothyroxine have been linked to rare instances of mild, immunoallergic liver injury.
-{{moa}}
+==Medical Uses==
-Levothyroxine (lee" voe thye rox' een) is an orally available form of T4 that is commonly used to treat hypothyroidism and maintain the euthyroid state.  Other forms of thyroid hormone include thyroid extract and triiodothyronine (T3) or liothyronine (lye" oh thye' roe neen).  Thyroid hormone is essential for normal growth, particularly of the central nervous system.  In adults, thyroid hormone maintains normal metabolism in virtually all organ systems.  Thyroxine (T4) is released from the thyroid gland, but is converted in the liver and other tissues to the active form, which is triiodothyronine (T3) which engages thyroid hormone receptors in the nucleus of cells, which together bind to DNA, leading to transcription of thyroid responsive genes that have multiple actions in different cells affecting cell metabolism.  Thyroid hormone is necessary for normal growth and development, and deficiency of thyroid hormone results in cretinism in children and hypothyroidism and myxedema in adults with a multitude of symptoms, signs and laboratory abnormalities, including fatigue, weight gain, drowsiness, mental torpor and confusion.  Hypothyroidism is readily treated with oral forms of thyroid hormone which have been in clinical use for over 50 years, the most commonly used being desiccated thyroid (Armour Thyroid, 1950s), synthetic L-thyroxine or levothyroxine (T4, Synthroid, Levoxyl and others: 2002), and L-triiodothyronine or liothyronine (T3, Cytomel: 1956).  Levothyroxine is currently one of the most commonly prescribed medications in the United States, with more than 100 million prescriptions filled yearly.
+Liothyronine is primarily used to treat [[hypothyroidism]], a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. It is also used in the treatment of [[myxedema coma]], a severe form of hypothyroidism that requires immediate medical attention. Additionally, liothyronine may be used in diagnostic tests for thyroid function and as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of certain types of [[thyroid cancer]].
-{{use}}
+===Mechanism of Action===
-The current indications are for maintenance of the euthyroid state.  Levothyroxine is available in tablets at of 25 to 300 mcg for oral administration and as a lyophilized powder for parenteral use.
+Liothyronine works by replacing or supplementing the natural thyroid hormones in the body. It increases the basal metabolic rate, affects protein synthesis, and increases the body's sensitivity to catecholamines (such as adrenaline) by permissiveness. It is more potent and has a faster onset of action compared to [[levothyroxine]], another commonly used thyroid hormone replacement.
-{{dose}}
+==Dosage and Administration==
-Levothyroxine is typically started at a low daily dose (25 to 50 mcg) and increased based upon clinical effect and serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T4.  The usual adult replacement dose is 75 to 125 mcg daily.
+Liothyronine is available in tablet form and is usually taken orally. The dosage of liothyronine is individualized based on the patient's age, weight, cardiovascular status, and the specific condition being treated. It is important to monitor thyroid function tests regularly to adjust the dosage as needed.
-{{se}}
+==Side Effects==
-Side effects are uncommon at correct replacement doses, but high doses can cause symptoms of hyperthyroidism such as fatigue, weight loss, headache, anxiety, tremor, muscle weakness, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, menstrual abnormalities, irritability, emotional labiality, sleep disturbance and changes in personality.
+Common side effects of liothyronine include symptoms of hyperthyroidism such as increased heart rate, anxiety, weight loss, and insomnia. In rare cases, it can cause more serious side effects such as [[atrial fibrillation]] or [[osteoporosis]] with long-term use.
-{{coststubd}}
+==Contraindications==
+Liothyronine is contraindicated in patients with uncorrected adrenal insufficiency and in those with untreated thyrotoxicosis. Caution is advised in patients with cardiovascular disease due to the risk of exacerbating these conditions.
+==Interactions==
+Liothyronine can interact with several medications, including anticoagulants, insulin, and oral hypoglycemic agents. It can also affect the efficacy of digitalis glycosides and may require dosage adjustments of these medications.
+==Also see==
+* [[Hypothyroidism]]
+* [[Thyroid hormone]]
+* [[Levothyroxine]]
+* [[Thyroid cancer]]
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
+[[Category:Thyroid hormone replacement therapies]]
+[[Category:Endocrinology]]
+[[Category:Pharmacology]]