Hürthle cell neoplasm: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Hürthle cell neoplasm | |||
| image = [[File:Histopathology_of_a_Hürthle_cell_adenoma.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Histopathology of a Hürthle cell adenoma | |||
| field = [[Endocrinology]] | |||
| synonyms = Hürthle cell tumor, oxyphilic cell tumor | |||
| symptoms = [[Thyroid nodule]], [[hoarseness]], [[dysphagia]] | |||
| complications = [[Thyroid cancer]] | |||
| onset = Middle-aged adults | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| types = [[Hürthle cell adenoma]], [[Hürthle cell carcinoma]] | |||
| causes = Unknown | |||
| risks = [[Radiation exposure]], [[family history]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Fine needle aspiration]], [[ultrasound]], [[biopsy]] | |||
| differential = [[Follicular thyroid neoplasm]], [[papillary thyroid carcinoma]] | |||
| prevention = None | |||
| treatment = [[Surgery]], [[radioactive iodine]] | |||
| medication = [[Thyroid hormone replacement]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally good for adenomas, variable for carcinomas | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|A type of thyroid neoplasm}} | {{Short description|A type of thyroid neoplasm}} | ||
'''Hürthle cell neoplasm''' is a type of [[thyroid neoplasm]] characterized by the presence of [[Hürthle cell]]s, also known as oncocytic cells. These cells are distinguished by their large size, abundant granular cytoplasm, and prominent nucleoli. Hürthle cell neoplasms can be benign (adenomas) or malignant (carcinomas). | '''Hürthle cell neoplasm''' is a type of [[thyroid neoplasm]] characterized by the presence of [[Hürthle cell]]s, also known as oncocytic cells. These cells are distinguished by their large size, abundant granular cytoplasm, and prominent nucleoli. Hürthle cell neoplasms can be benign (adenomas) or malignant (carcinomas). | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Hürthle cell neoplasms are classified into two main types: | Hürthle cell neoplasms are classified into two main types: | ||
* '''Hürthle cell adenoma''': A benign tumor composed predominantly of Hürthle cells. It is encapsulated and does not invade surrounding tissues. | * '''Hürthle cell adenoma''': A benign tumor composed predominantly of Hürthle cells. It is encapsulated and does not invade surrounding tissues. | ||
* '''Hürthle cell carcinoma''': A malignant tumor that can invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to other parts of the body. | * '''Hürthle cell carcinoma''': A malignant tumor that can invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to other parts of the body. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Hürthle cells are derived from the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. They are characterized by an increased number of mitochondria, which gives them their distinctive granular appearance. The exact cause of Hürthle cell transformation is not well understood, but it is believed to involve genetic mutations and alterations in cellular metabolism. | Hürthle cells are derived from the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. They are characterized by an increased number of mitochondria, which gives them their distinctive granular appearance. The exact cause of Hürthle cell transformation is not well understood, but it is believed to involve genetic mutations and alterations in cellular metabolism. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of Hürthle cell neoplasms typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and cytological examination. | The diagnosis of Hürthle cell neoplasms typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and cytological examination. | ||
===Imaging=== | ===Imaging=== | ||
[[Ultrasound]] is commonly used to evaluate thyroid nodules. Hürthle cell neoplasms may appear as solid, hypoechoic nodules on ultrasound. | [[Ultrasound]] is commonly used to evaluate thyroid nodules. Hürthle cell neoplasms may appear as solid, hypoechoic nodules on ultrasound. | ||
===Fine-needle aspiration=== | ===Fine-needle aspiration=== | ||
[[Fine-needle aspiration]] (FNA) is often performed to obtain a sample of the nodule for cytological analysis. However, distinguishing between benign and malignant Hürthle cell neoplasms based on FNA alone can be challenging. | [[Fine-needle aspiration]] (FNA) is often performed to obtain a sample of the nodule for cytological analysis. However, distinguishing between benign and malignant Hürthle cell neoplasms based on FNA alone can be challenging. | ||
[[File:Cytopathology_suspicious_for_Hürthle_cell_neoplasm,_annotated.png|Cytopathology suspicious for Hürthle cell neoplasm|left|thumb]] | |||
[[File:Cytopathology_suspicious_for_Hürthle_cell_neoplasm,_annotated.png|Cytopathology suspicious for Hürthle cell neoplasm|thumb | |||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The treatment of Hürthle cell neoplasms depends on whether the tumor is benign or malignant. | The treatment of Hürthle cell neoplasms depends on whether the tumor is benign or malignant. | ||
* '''Hürthle cell adenoma''': Surgical removal of the nodule is often recommended to prevent potential malignant transformation. | * '''Hürthle cell adenoma''': Surgical removal of the nodule is often recommended to prevent potential malignant transformation. | ||
* '''Hürthle cell carcinoma''': Treatment typically involves surgical resection, often followed by radioactive iodine therapy and thyroid hormone suppression therapy. | * '''Hürthle cell carcinoma''': Treatment typically involves surgical resection, often followed by radioactive iodine therapy and thyroid hormone suppression therapy. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for patients with Hürthle cell adenomas is generally excellent, as these tumors are benign. The prognosis for Hürthle cell carcinoma depends on the stage at diagnosis and the extent of metastasis. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. | The prognosis for patients with Hürthle cell adenomas is generally excellent, as these tumors are benign. The prognosis for Hürthle cell carcinoma depends on the stage at diagnosis and the extent of metastasis. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. | ||
==Epidemiology== | ==Epidemiology== | ||
Hürthle cell neoplasms are relatively rare, accounting for a small percentage of all thyroid neoplasms. They are more common in older adults and have a slight female predominance. | Hürthle cell neoplasms are relatively rare, accounting for a small percentage of all thyroid neoplasms. They are more common in older adults and have a slight female predominance. | ||
[[File:Pie_chart_of_relative_incidences_of_thyroid_cancers.png|Pie chart of relative incidences of thyroid cancers|left|thumb]] | |||
[[File:Pie_chart_of_relative_incidences_of_thyroid_cancers.png|Pie chart of relative incidences of thyroid cancers|thumb | ==See also== | ||
== | |||
* [[Thyroid cancer]] | * [[Thyroid cancer]] | ||
* [[Thyroid nodule]] | * [[Thyroid nodule]] | ||
* [[Oncocytoma]] | * [[Oncocytoma]] | ||
[[Category:Thyroid cancer]] | [[Category:Thyroid cancer]] | ||
[[Category:Endocrine neoplasia]] | [[Category:Endocrine neoplasia]] | ||
Latest revision as of 04:43, 7 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Hürthle cell neoplasm | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Hürthle cell tumor, oxyphilic cell tumor |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Thyroid nodule, hoarseness, dysphagia |
| Complications | Thyroid cancer |
| Onset | Middle-aged adults |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | Hürthle cell adenoma, Hürthle cell carcinoma |
| Causes | Unknown |
| Risks | Radiation exposure, family history |
| Diagnosis | Fine needle aspiration, ultrasound, biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Follicular thyroid neoplasm, papillary thyroid carcinoma |
| Prevention | None |
| Treatment | Surgery, radioactive iodine |
| Medication | Thyroid hormone replacement |
| Prognosis | Generally good for adenomas, variable for carcinomas |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
A type of thyroid neoplasm
Hürthle cell neoplasm is a type of thyroid neoplasm characterized by the presence of Hürthle cells, also known as oncocytic cells. These cells are distinguished by their large size, abundant granular cytoplasm, and prominent nucleoli. Hürthle cell neoplasms can be benign (adenomas) or malignant (carcinomas).
Classification[edit]
Hürthle cell neoplasms are classified into two main types:
- Hürthle cell adenoma: A benign tumor composed predominantly of Hürthle cells. It is encapsulated and does not invade surrounding tissues.
- Hürthle cell carcinoma: A malignant tumor that can invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to other parts of the body.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Hürthle cells are derived from the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. They are characterized by an increased number of mitochondria, which gives them their distinctive granular appearance. The exact cause of Hürthle cell transformation is not well understood, but it is believed to involve genetic mutations and alterations in cellular metabolism.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of Hürthle cell neoplasms typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and cytological examination.
Imaging[edit]
Ultrasound is commonly used to evaluate thyroid nodules. Hürthle cell neoplasms may appear as solid, hypoechoic nodules on ultrasound.
Fine-needle aspiration[edit]
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is often performed to obtain a sample of the nodule for cytological analysis. However, distinguishing between benign and malignant Hürthle cell neoplasms based on FNA alone can be challenging.
Treatment[edit]
The treatment of Hürthle cell neoplasms depends on whether the tumor is benign or malignant.
- Hürthle cell adenoma: Surgical removal of the nodule is often recommended to prevent potential malignant transformation.
- Hürthle cell carcinoma: Treatment typically involves surgical resection, often followed by radioactive iodine therapy and thyroid hormone suppression therapy.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for patients with Hürthle cell adenomas is generally excellent, as these tumors are benign. The prognosis for Hürthle cell carcinoma depends on the stage at diagnosis and the extent of metastasis. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes.
Epidemiology[edit]
Hürthle cell neoplasms are relatively rare, accounting for a small percentage of all thyroid neoplasms. They are more common in older adults and have a slight female predominance.
