Congenital heart defect: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Congenital heart defect | |||
| image = [[File:VSD_image.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Diagram of a [[ventricular septal defect]], a common type of congenital heart defect | |||
| field = [[Cardiology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Cyanosis]], [[shortness of breath]], [[heart murmur]], [[poor weight gain]] | |||
| complications = [[Heart failure]], [[infective endocarditis]], [[arrhythmias]] | |||
| onset = [[Birth]] | |||
| duration = Lifelong | |||
| causes = [[Genetic factors]], [[environmental factors]] | |||
| risks = [[Family history]], [[maternal diabetes]], [[maternal smoking]], [[maternal obesity]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Echocardiogram]], [[chest X-ray]], [[electrocardiogram]] | |||
| differential = [[Acquired heart disease]] | |||
| prevention = [[Prenatal care]], [[folic acid supplementation]] | |||
| treatment = [[Surgery]], [[medication]], [[catheter-based procedures]] | |||
| prognosis = Varies by type and severity | |||
| frequency = 8 per 1,000 live births | |||
| deaths = 303,000 (2015) | |||
}} | |||
[[File:CongenitalHeartCase-133.jpg|Congenital Heart Case 133|thumb]] | |||
[[File:Congenital_heart_anomalies_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg|Congenital heart anomalies world map - Deaths per million persons (WHO 2012)|thumb]] | |||
'''Congenital heart defect''' (CHD), also known as '''congenital heart anomaly''' or '''congenital heart disease''', is a problem in the structure of the heart that is present at birth. Signs and symptoms depend on the specific type of problem. Symptoms can vary from none to life-threatening. | '''Congenital heart defect''' (CHD), also known as '''congenital heart anomaly''' or '''congenital heart disease''', is a problem in the structure of the heart that is present at birth. Signs and symptoms depend on the specific type of problem. Symptoms can vary from none to life-threatening. | ||
==Types== | ==Types== | ||
There are many types of congenital heart defects. They can range from simple conditions that don't cause symptoms to complex types that cause severe, life-threatening problems. The types include [[atrial septal defect]], [[ventricular septal defect]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of Fallot]], [[transposition of the great arteries]], and [[hypoplastic left heart syndrome]]. | There are many types of congenital heart defects. They can range from simple conditions that don't cause symptoms to complex types that cause severe, life-threatening problems. The types include [[atrial septal defect]], [[ventricular septal defect]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of Fallot]], [[transposition of the great arteries]], and [[hypoplastic left heart syndrome]]. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
The cause of a congenital heart defect is often unknown. Certain genes may play a role. Many conditions are thought to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors include a family history of CHD, maternal diabetes, certain medications, alcohol use, and certain infections during pregnancy. | The cause of a congenital heart defect is often unknown. Certain genes may play a role. Many conditions are thought to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors include a family history of CHD, maternal diabetes, certain medications, alcohol use, and certain infections during pregnancy. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis can be difficult as signs and symptoms may not appear until many years after birth. A [[cardiac examination]] is performed by a healthcare provider, which may include listening to the heart with a stethoscope for abnormal sounds such as a heart murmur. Imaging tests such as an [[echocardiogram]], a [[chest x-ray]], or a [[magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] may be used. A [[cardiac catheterization]] can give a definitive diagnosis. | Diagnosis can be difficult as signs and symptoms may not appear until many years after birth. A [[cardiac examination]] is performed by a healthcare provider, which may include listening to the heart with a stethoscope for abnormal sounds such as a heart murmur. Imaging tests such as an [[echocardiogram]], a [[chest x-ray]], or a [[magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] may be used. A [[cardiac catheterization]] can give a definitive diagnosis. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment depends on the specific type of defect. Some may heal over time, others will need treatment. Treatments include medications, procedures using catheterization, surgery, and sometimes heart transplantation. In adults who have had a CHD, issues such as long term outcomes, pregnancy, heart failure, and the need for ongoing care must be addressed. | Treatment depends on the specific type of defect. Some may heal over time, others will need treatment. Treatments include medications, procedures using catheterization, surgery, and sometimes heart transplantation. In adults who have had a CHD, issues such as long term outcomes, pregnancy, heart failure, and the need for ongoing care must be addressed. | ||
==Epidemiology== | ==Epidemiology== | ||
Congenital heart defects are the most common birth defect. The number of people affected is estimated at 1% of all live births. In 2013 they were present in 34.3 million people globally. They resulted in 323,000 deaths down from 366,000 deaths in 1990. | Congenital heart defects are the most common birth defect. The number of people affected is estimated at 1% of all live births. In 2013 they were present in 34.3 million people globally. They resulted in 323,000 deaths down from 366,000 deaths in 1990. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Cardiology]] | * [[Cardiology]] | ||
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* [[Cardiac surgery]] | * [[Cardiac surgery]] | ||
* [[Heart disease]] | * [[Heart disease]] | ||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
[[Category:Congenital heart defects]] | [[Category:Congenital heart defects]] | ||
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{{Cardiology-stub}} | {{Cardiology-stub}} | ||
{{Pediatrics-stub}} | {{Pediatrics-stub}} | ||
Revision as of 02:33, 5 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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| Congenital heart defect | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Cyanosis, shortness of breath, heart murmur, poor weight gain |
| Complications | Heart failure, infective endocarditis, arrhythmias |
| Onset | Birth |
| Duration | Lifelong |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic factors, environmental factors |
| Risks | Family history, maternal diabetes, maternal smoking, maternal obesity |
| Diagnosis | Echocardiogram, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram |
| Differential diagnosis | Acquired heart disease |
| Prevention | Prenatal care, folic acid supplementation |
| Treatment | Surgery, medication, catheter-based procedures |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Varies by type and severity |
| Frequency | 8 per 1,000 live births |
| Deaths | 303,000 (2015) |
Congenital heart defect (CHD), also known as congenital heart anomaly or congenital heart disease, is a problem in the structure of the heart that is present at birth. Signs and symptoms depend on the specific type of problem. Symptoms can vary from none to life-threatening.
Types
There are many types of congenital heart defects. They can range from simple conditions that don't cause symptoms to complex types that cause severe, life-threatening problems. The types include atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
Causes
The cause of a congenital heart defect is often unknown. Certain genes may play a role. Many conditions are thought to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors include a family history of CHD, maternal diabetes, certain medications, alcohol use, and certain infections during pregnancy.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis can be difficult as signs and symptoms may not appear until many years after birth. A cardiac examination is performed by a healthcare provider, which may include listening to the heart with a stethoscope for abnormal sounds such as a heart murmur. Imaging tests such as an echocardiogram, a chest x-ray, or a MRI may be used. A cardiac catheterization can give a definitive diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the specific type of defect. Some may heal over time, others will need treatment. Treatments include medications, procedures using catheterization, surgery, and sometimes heart transplantation. In adults who have had a CHD, issues such as long term outcomes, pregnancy, heart failure, and the need for ongoing care must be addressed.
Epidemiology
Congenital heart defects are the most common birth defect. The number of people affected is estimated at 1% of all live births. In 2013 they were present in 34.3 million people globally. They resulted in 323,000 deaths down from 366,000 deaths in 1990.
See also
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