Phthisis bulbi: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Phthisis bulbi | |||
| image = [[File:Phthisis_bulbi,_right_eye.jpg|left|thumb|Phthisis bulbi of the right eye]] | |||
| caption = Phthisis bulbi of the right eye | |||
| synonyms = End-stage eye, Shrunken eye | |||
| specialty = [[Ophthalmology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Vision loss]], [[eye pain]], [[eye redness]], [[shrunken eye]] | |||
| complications = [[Blindness]], [[cosmetic disfigurement]] | |||
| onset = Variable | |||
| duration = Permanent | |||
| causes = [[Severe eye injury]], [[inflammation]], [[infection]], [[retinal detachment]], [[glaucoma]] | |||
| risks = [[Eye trauma]], [[untreated eye disease]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Clinical examination]], [[imaging studies]] | |||
| differential = [[Microphthalmia]], [[enophthalmos]] | |||
| treatment = [[Prosthetic eye]], [[enucleation]], [[pain management]] | |||
| prognosis = Poor for vision recovery | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|Degenerative condition of the eye}} | {{Short description|Degenerative condition of the eye}} | ||
'''Phthisis bulbi''' is a degenerative condition of the [[eye]] characterized by shrinkage and disorganization of the intraocular contents. It is the end stage of various severe ocular diseases and injuries, leading to a non-functional eye. | '''Phthisis bulbi''' is a degenerative condition of the [[eye]] characterized by shrinkage and disorganization of the intraocular contents. It is the end stage of various severe ocular diseases and injuries, leading to a non-functional eye. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Phthisis bulbi results from severe damage to the [[eye]] that leads to chronic inflammation, scarring, and atrophy of the ocular tissues. The condition can follow trauma, infection, or advanced [[glaucoma]], among other causes. The eye becomes shrunken and disorganized, often with calcification and ossification of the intraocular structures. | Phthisis bulbi results from severe damage to the [[eye]] that leads to chronic inflammation, scarring, and atrophy of the ocular tissues. The condition can follow trauma, infection, or advanced [[glaucoma]], among other causes. The eye becomes shrunken and disorganized, often with calcification and ossification of the intraocular structures. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Phthisis bulbi can be caused by: | Phthisis bulbi can be caused by: | ||
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* Infections such as [[endophthalmitis]] | * Infections such as [[endophthalmitis]] | ||
* Retinal detachment with prolonged duration | * Retinal detachment with prolonged duration | ||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
The clinical presentation of phthisis bulbi includes: | The clinical presentation of phthisis bulbi includes: | ||
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* Pain, which may be present in some cases | * Pain, which may be present in some cases | ||
* Calcification or ossification within the eye | * Calcification or ossification within the eye | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of phthisis bulbi is primarily clinical, based on the history of ocular disease or trauma and the characteristic appearance of the eye. Imaging studies such as [[ultrasound]] or [[CT scan]] may be used to assess the extent of calcification or ossification. | Diagnosis of phthisis bulbi is primarily clinical, based on the history of ocular disease or trauma and the characteristic appearance of the eye. Imaging studies such as [[ultrasound]] or [[CT scan]] may be used to assess the extent of calcification or ossification. | ||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
Management of phthisis bulbi focuses on alleviating symptoms and improving cosmetic appearance. Options include: | Management of phthisis bulbi focuses on alleviating symptoms and improving cosmetic appearance. Options include: | ||
* Enucleation or evisceration if the eye is painful | * Enucleation or evisceration if the eye is painful | ||
* Fitting of a prosthetic eye for cosmetic purposes | * Fitting of a prosthetic eye for cosmetic purposes | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
Phthisis bulbi is an irreversible condition, and the affected eye is non-functional. The prognosis depends on the underlying cause and the presence of any complications. | Phthisis bulbi is an irreversible condition, and the affected eye is non-functional. The prognosis depends on the underlying cause and the presence of any complications. | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
Preventive measures focus on early treatment of ocular diseases and injuries to prevent progression to phthisis bulbi. This includes prompt management of infections, control of intraocular pressure in glaucoma, and timely surgical intervention when necessary. | Preventive measures focus on early treatment of ocular diseases and injuries to prevent progression to phthisis bulbi. This includes prompt management of infections, control of intraocular pressure in glaucoma, and timely surgical intervention when necessary. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Glaucoma]] | * [[Glaucoma]] | ||
* [[Uveitis]] | * [[Uveitis]] | ||
* [[Endophthalmitis]] | * [[Endophthalmitis]] | ||
* [[Ocular trauma]] | * [[Ocular trauma]] | ||
[[Category:Eye diseases]] | [[Category:Eye diseases]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:40, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Phthisis bulbi | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | End-stage eye, Shrunken eye |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | Ophthalmology |
| Symptoms | Vision loss, eye pain, eye redness, shrunken eye |
| Complications | Blindness, cosmetic disfigurement |
| Onset | Variable |
| Duration | Permanent |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Severe eye injury, inflammation, infection, retinal detachment, glaucoma |
| Risks | Eye trauma, untreated eye disease |
| Diagnosis | Clinical examination, imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | Microphthalmia, enophthalmos |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Prosthetic eye, enucleation, pain management |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Poor for vision recovery |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Degenerative condition of the eye
Phthisis bulbi is a degenerative condition of the eye characterized by shrinkage and disorganization of the intraocular contents. It is the end stage of various severe ocular diseases and injuries, leading to a non-functional eye.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Phthisis bulbi results from severe damage to the eye that leads to chronic inflammation, scarring, and atrophy of the ocular tissues. The condition can follow trauma, infection, or advanced glaucoma, among other causes. The eye becomes shrunken and disorganized, often with calcification and ossification of the intraocular structures.
Causes[edit]
Phthisis bulbi can be caused by:
- Severe ocular trauma
- Chronic uveitis
- Advanced glaucoma
- Complications from eye surgery
- Infections such as endophthalmitis
- Retinal detachment with prolonged duration
Clinical Features[edit]
The clinical presentation of phthisis bulbi includes:
- A shrunken, disorganized eye
- Loss of vision
- Pain, which may be present in some cases
- Calcification or ossification within the eye
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of phthisis bulbi is primarily clinical, based on the history of ocular disease or trauma and the characteristic appearance of the eye. Imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan may be used to assess the extent of calcification or ossification.
Management[edit]
Management of phthisis bulbi focuses on alleviating symptoms and improving cosmetic appearance. Options include:
- Enucleation or evisceration if the eye is painful
- Fitting of a prosthetic eye for cosmetic purposes
Prognosis[edit]
Phthisis bulbi is an irreversible condition, and the affected eye is non-functional. The prognosis depends on the underlying cause and the presence of any complications.
Prevention[edit]
Preventive measures focus on early treatment of ocular diseases and injuries to prevent progression to phthisis bulbi. This includes prompt management of infections, control of intraocular pressure in glaucoma, and timely surgical intervention when necessary.
