Parinaud's syndrome: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Parinaud's syndrome | |||
| image = [[File:gray722.png|left|thumb|Illustration of the brainstem]] | |||
| caption = Illustration of the brainstem | |||
| field = [[Neurology]] | |||
| synonyms = Dorsal midbrain syndrome, Pretectal syndrome | |||
| symptoms = [[Upward gaze palsy]], [[Convergence-retraction nystagmus]], [[Light-near dissociation]], [[Eyelid retraction]] (Collier's sign) | |||
| complications = [[Hydrocephalus]], [[Increased intracranial pressure]] | |||
| onset = Sudden or gradual | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| causes = [[Pineal gland tumor]], [[Stroke]], [[Multiple sclerosis]], [[Trauma]] | |||
| risks = [[Pinealoma]], [[Germinoma]], [[Meningioma]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Clinical examination]], [[MRI]], [[CT scan]] | |||
| differential = [[Myasthenia gravis]], [[Thyroid eye disease]], [[Internuclear ophthalmoplegia]] | |||
| treatment = Treat underlying cause, [[Surgery]], [[Radiation therapy]], [[Chemotherapy]] | |||
| prognosis = Depends on underlying cause | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|A neurological condition affecting eye movement}} | {{Short description|A neurological condition affecting eye movement}} | ||
'''Parinaud's syndrome''', also known as '''dorsal midbrain syndrome''', is a neurological condition characterized by a group of eye movement abnormalities. It is named after the French ophthalmologist [[Henri Parinaud]], who first described the condition. This syndrome is primarily caused by lesions in the [[dorsal midbrain]], particularly affecting the [[superior colliculus]] and the [[pretectal area]]. | '''Parinaud's syndrome''', also known as '''dorsal midbrain syndrome''', is a neurological condition characterized by a group of eye movement abnormalities. It is named after the French ophthalmologist [[Henri Parinaud]], who first described the condition. This syndrome is primarily caused by lesions in the [[dorsal midbrain]], particularly affecting the [[superior colliculus]] and the [[pretectal area]]. | ||
== Clinical Features == | == Clinical Features == | ||
Parinaud's syndrome is marked by several distinct clinical features: | Parinaud's syndrome is marked by several distinct clinical features: | ||
* '''Vertical Gaze Palsy''': Patients exhibit difficulty in moving their eyes vertically, especially upwards. This is due to the involvement of the vertical gaze centers in the midbrain. | * '''Vertical Gaze Palsy''': Patients exhibit difficulty in moving their eyes vertically, especially upwards. This is due to the involvement of the vertical gaze centers in the midbrain. | ||
* '''Convergence-Retraction Nystagmus''': This is a jerky eye movement that occurs when the patient attempts to look upwards. The eyes appear to converge and retract into the orbit. | * '''Convergence-Retraction Nystagmus''': This is a jerky eye movement that occurs when the patient attempts to look upwards. The eyes appear to converge and retract into the orbit. | ||
* '''Light-Near Dissociation''': The pupils react poorly to light but constrict normally during accommodation (focusing on a near object). | * '''Light-Near Dissociation''': The pupils react poorly to light but constrict normally during accommodation (focusing on a near object). | ||
* '''Eyelid Retraction (Collier's Sign)''': The upper eyelids are abnormally elevated, giving the appearance of a "staring" look. | * '''Eyelid Retraction (Collier's Sign)''': The upper eyelids are abnormally elevated, giving the appearance of a "staring" look. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Parinaud's syndrome can result from various causes, including: | Parinaud's syndrome can result from various causes, including: | ||
* '''[[Pinealoma]]''': Tumors of the [[pineal gland]] can compress the dorsal midbrain. | * '''[[Pinealoma]]''': Tumors of the [[pineal gland]] can compress the dorsal midbrain. | ||
* '''[[Multiple sclerosis]]''': Demyelinating lesions can affect the midbrain. | * '''[[Multiple sclerosis]]''': Demyelinating lesions can affect the midbrain. | ||
* '''[[Stroke]]''': Vascular events can lead to ischemia in the midbrain region. | * '''[[Stroke]]''': Vascular events can lead to ischemia in the midbrain region. | ||
* '''[[Trauma]]''': Head injuries can damage the midbrain structures. | * '''[[Trauma]]''': Head injuries can damage the midbrain structures. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
The diagnosis of Parinaud's syndrome is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic eye movement abnormalities. Neuroimaging, such as [[MRI]] or [[CT scan]], is used to identify the underlying cause, such as a tumor or lesion. | The diagnosis of Parinaud's syndrome is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic eye movement abnormalities. Neuroimaging, such as [[MRI]] or [[CT scan]], is used to identify the underlying cause, such as a tumor or lesion. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment of Parinaud's syndrome focuses on addressing the underlying cause. For instance, surgical removal of a pineal tumor or medical management of multiple sclerosis may alleviate symptoms. Symptomatic treatment for eye movement disorders may include [[prism glasses]] or [[botulinum toxin]] injections. | Treatment of Parinaud's syndrome focuses on addressing the underlying cause. For instance, surgical removal of a pineal tumor or medical management of multiple sclerosis may alleviate symptoms. Symptomatic treatment for eye movement disorders may include [[prism glasses]] or [[botulinum toxin]] injections. | ||
== See also == | |||
== | |||
* [[Ophthalmology]] | * [[Ophthalmology]] | ||
* [[Neurology]] | * [[Neurology]] | ||
* [[Midbrain]] | * [[Midbrain]] | ||
* [[Pineal gland]] | * [[Pineal gland]] | ||
[[Category:Neurology]] | [[Category:Neurology]] | ||
[[Category:Ophthalmology]] | [[Category:Ophthalmology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:45, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Parinaud's syndrome | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | Dorsal midbrain syndrome, Pretectal syndrome |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Upward gaze palsy, Convergence-retraction nystagmus, Light-near dissociation, Eyelid retraction (Collier's sign) |
| Complications | Hydrocephalus, Increased intracranial pressure |
| Onset | Sudden or gradual |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Pineal gland tumor, Stroke, Multiple sclerosis, Trauma |
| Risks | Pinealoma, Germinoma, Meningioma |
| Diagnosis | Clinical examination, MRI, CT scan |
| Differential diagnosis | Myasthenia gravis, Thyroid eye disease, Internuclear ophthalmoplegia |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Treat underlying cause, Surgery, Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Depends on underlying cause |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
A neurological condition affecting eye movement
Parinaud's syndrome, also known as dorsal midbrain syndrome, is a neurological condition characterized by a group of eye movement abnormalities. It is named after the French ophthalmologist Henri Parinaud, who first described the condition. This syndrome is primarily caused by lesions in the dorsal midbrain, particularly affecting the superior colliculus and the pretectal area.
Clinical Features[edit]
Parinaud's syndrome is marked by several distinct clinical features:
- Vertical Gaze Palsy: Patients exhibit difficulty in moving their eyes vertically, especially upwards. This is due to the involvement of the vertical gaze centers in the midbrain.
- Convergence-Retraction Nystagmus: This is a jerky eye movement that occurs when the patient attempts to look upwards. The eyes appear to converge and retract into the orbit.
- Light-Near Dissociation: The pupils react poorly to light but constrict normally during accommodation (focusing on a near object).
- Eyelid Retraction (Collier's Sign): The upper eyelids are abnormally elevated, giving the appearance of a "staring" look.
Causes[edit]
Parinaud's syndrome can result from various causes, including:
- Pinealoma: Tumors of the pineal gland can compress the dorsal midbrain.
- Multiple sclerosis: Demyelinating lesions can affect the midbrain.
- Stroke: Vascular events can lead to ischemia in the midbrain region.
- Trauma: Head injuries can damage the midbrain structures.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of Parinaud's syndrome is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic eye movement abnormalities. Neuroimaging, such as MRI or CT scan, is used to identify the underlying cause, such as a tumor or lesion.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of Parinaud's syndrome focuses on addressing the underlying cause. For instance, surgical removal of a pineal tumor or medical management of multiple sclerosis may alleviate symptoms. Symptomatic treatment for eye movement disorders may include prism glasses or botulinum toxin injections.
