MALT lymphoma: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = MALT lymphoma | |||
| image = [[File:Gastric_MALT_lymphoma_2.jpg|left|thumb|Gastric MALT lymphoma]] | |||
| caption = Micrograph of gastric MALT lymphoma | |||
| field = [[Hematology]] | |||
| synonyms = Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue | |||
| symptoms = [[Fatigue (medical)|Fatigue]], [[weight loss]], [[abdominal pain]], [[dyspepsia]] | |||
| complications = [[Gastric cancer]], [[autoimmune disorders]] | |||
| onset = Typically in adults, median age around 60 | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| causes = [[Helicobacter pylori]] infection, [[autoimmune disease]] | |||
| risks = [[Chronic inflammation]], [[autoimmune disease]], [[immunosuppression]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Biopsy]], [[endoscopy]], [[immunohistochemistry]] | |||
| differential = [[Gastric adenocarcinoma]], [[other lymphomas]] | |||
| treatment = [[Antibiotics]] for H. pylori, [[radiation therapy]], [[chemotherapy]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment, but varies | |||
| frequency = Rare, accounts for about 8% of all [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]s | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|A type of cancer affecting the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue}} | {{Short description|A type of cancer affecting the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue}} | ||
'''MALT lymphoma''' (Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma) is a type of [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] that arises from the [[lymphoid tissue]] associated with the mucosal surfaces of various organs. It is a subtype of [[extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma]] and is most commonly found in the [[stomach]], but can also occur in the [[salivary glands]], [[thyroid gland]], [[lung]], and other sites. | '''MALT lymphoma''' (Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma) is a type of [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] that arises from the [[lymphoid tissue]] associated with the mucosal surfaces of various organs. It is a subtype of [[extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma]] and is most commonly found in the [[stomach]], but can also occur in the [[salivary glands]], [[thyroid gland]], [[lung]], and other sites. | ||
== Pathophysiology == | == Pathophysiology == | ||
MALT lymphoma is characterized by the proliferation of [[B-cells]] in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. It is often associated with chronic inflammatory conditions, such as [[Helicobacter pylori]] infection in the stomach, which can lead to the development of gastric MALT lymphoma. The chronic inflammation is thought to stimulate the proliferation of lymphoid tissue, which can eventually transform into a malignant lymphoma. | MALT lymphoma is characterized by the proliferation of [[B-cells]] in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. It is often associated with chronic inflammatory conditions, such as [[Helicobacter pylori]] infection in the stomach, which can lead to the development of gastric MALT lymphoma. The chronic inflammation is thought to stimulate the proliferation of lymphoid tissue, which can eventually transform into a malignant lymphoma. | ||
== Clinical Presentation == | == Clinical Presentation == | ||
Patients with MALT lymphoma may present with a variety of symptoms depending on the site of involvement. Gastric MALT lymphoma often presents with symptoms similar to [[peptic ulcer disease]], such as [[abdominal pain]], [[nausea]], and [[vomiting]]. In some cases, patients may be asymptomatic and the lymphoma is discovered incidentally during endoscopic examination. | Patients with MALT lymphoma may present with a variety of symptoms depending on the site of involvement. Gastric MALT lymphoma often presents with symptoms similar to [[peptic ulcer disease]], such as [[abdominal pain]], [[nausea]], and [[vomiting]]. In some cases, patients may be asymptomatic and the lymphoma is discovered incidentally during endoscopic examination. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
The diagnosis of MALT lymphoma is typically made through a combination of [[endoscopy]], [[biopsy]], and histopathological examination. In the case of gastric MALT lymphoma, endoscopic examination may reveal lesions or ulcerations in the gastric mucosa. Biopsy samples are examined for the presence of atypical lymphoid infiltrates and specific immunohistochemical markers that are characteristic of MALT lymphoma. | The diagnosis of MALT lymphoma is typically made through a combination of [[endoscopy]], [[biopsy]], and histopathological examination. In the case of gastric MALT lymphoma, endoscopic examination may reveal lesions or ulcerations in the gastric mucosa. Biopsy samples are examined for the presence of atypical lymphoid infiltrates and specific immunohistochemical markers that are characteristic of MALT lymphoma. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
The treatment of MALT lymphoma depends on the site and stage of the disease. For gastric MALT lymphoma associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, [[antibiotic therapy]] to eradicate the infection can lead to regression of the lymphoma in many cases. In cases where the lymphoma does not respond to antibiotic therapy or is not associated with Helicobacter pylori, other treatments such as [[radiation therapy]], [[chemotherapy]], or [[immunotherapy]] may be used. | The treatment of MALT lymphoma depends on the site and stage of the disease. For gastric MALT lymphoma associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, [[antibiotic therapy]] to eradicate the infection can lead to regression of the lymphoma in many cases. In cases where the lymphoma does not respond to antibiotic therapy or is not associated with Helicobacter pylori, other treatments such as [[radiation therapy]], [[chemotherapy]], or [[immunotherapy]] may be used. | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
The prognosis for patients with MALT lymphoma is generally favorable, especially for those with localized disease that can be treated effectively. The overall survival rate is high, and many patients achieve long-term remission. However, the prognosis can vary depending on the site of the lymphoma and the presence of any underlying conditions. | The prognosis for patients with MALT lymphoma is generally favorable, especially for those with localized disease that can be treated effectively. The overall survival rate is high, and many patients achieve long-term remission. However, the prognosis can vary depending on the site of the lymphoma and the presence of any underlying conditions. | ||
== See also == | |||
== | |||
* [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] | * [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] | ||
* [[Helicobacter pylori]] | * [[Helicobacter pylori]] | ||
* [[B-cell lymphoma]] | * [[B-cell lymphoma]] | ||
* [[Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma]] | * [[Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma]] | ||
[[Category:Lymphoma]] | [[Category:Lymphoma]] | ||
[[Category:Stomach disorders]] | [[Category:Stomach disorders]] | ||
Latest revision as of 04:25, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| MALT lymphoma | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fatigue, weight loss, abdominal pain, dyspepsia |
| Complications | Gastric cancer, autoimmune disorders |
| Onset | Typically in adults, median age around 60 |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Helicobacter pylori infection, autoimmune disease |
| Risks | Chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease, immunosuppression |
| Diagnosis | Biopsy, endoscopy, immunohistochemistry |
| Differential diagnosis | Gastric adenocarcinoma, other lymphomas |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Antibiotics for H. pylori, radiation therapy, chemotherapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment, but varies |
| Frequency | Rare, accounts for about 8% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas |
| Deaths | N/A |
A type of cancer affecting the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
MALT lymphoma (Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the lymphoid tissue associated with the mucosal surfaces of various organs. It is a subtype of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma and is most commonly found in the stomach, but can also occur in the salivary glands, thyroid gland, lung, and other sites.
Pathophysiology[edit]
MALT lymphoma is characterized by the proliferation of B-cells in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. It is often associated with chronic inflammatory conditions, such as Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach, which can lead to the development of gastric MALT lymphoma. The chronic inflammation is thought to stimulate the proliferation of lymphoid tissue, which can eventually transform into a malignant lymphoma.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
Patients with MALT lymphoma may present with a variety of symptoms depending on the site of involvement. Gastric MALT lymphoma often presents with symptoms similar to peptic ulcer disease, such as abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. In some cases, patients may be asymptomatic and the lymphoma is discovered incidentally during endoscopic examination.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of MALT lymphoma is typically made through a combination of endoscopy, biopsy, and histopathological examination. In the case of gastric MALT lymphoma, endoscopic examination may reveal lesions or ulcerations in the gastric mucosa. Biopsy samples are examined for the presence of atypical lymphoid infiltrates and specific immunohistochemical markers that are characteristic of MALT lymphoma.
Treatment[edit]
The treatment of MALT lymphoma depends on the site and stage of the disease. For gastric MALT lymphoma associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, antibiotic therapy to eradicate the infection can lead to regression of the lymphoma in many cases. In cases where the lymphoma does not respond to antibiotic therapy or is not associated with Helicobacter pylori, other treatments such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy may be used.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for patients with MALT lymphoma is generally favorable, especially for those with localized disease that can be treated effectively. The overall survival rate is high, and many patients achieve long-term remission. However, the prognosis can vary depending on the site of the lymphoma and the presence of any underlying conditions.
