AP5: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 21:29, 11 February 2025

A chemical compound used in neuroscience research

AP5 (2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoate) is a chemical compound that acts as a selective NMDA receptor antagonist. It is commonly used in neuroscience research to study the role of NMDA receptors in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission.

Chemical structure and properties

AP5 is a derivative of valeric acid, with a phosphono group attached to the fifth carbon of the pentanoic acid chain. Its chemical formula is C₅H₁₂NO₅P, and it is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water.

Mechanism of action

AP5 functions by competitively inhibiting the binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to NMDA receptors. This inhibition prevents the opening of the ion channel associated with the receptor, thereby blocking the influx of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) into the neuron. This action is crucial for studying the role of NMDA receptors in long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), which are processes involved in synaptic plasticity and memory formation.

Applications in research

AP5 is widely used in experimental settings to investigate the physiological and pathological roles of NMDA receptors. It is particularly useful in studies of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, where NMDA receptor dysfunction is implicated. Additionally, AP5 is employed in research on epilepsy, schizophrenia, and chronic pain, where altered NMDA receptor activity is observed.

Safety and handling

As with many chemical compounds used in research, AP5 should be handled with care. It is important to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and follow safety protocols to prevent exposure. AP5 should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from incompatible substances.

Related pages

Gallery

Chemical structure of AP5

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-{{Short description|Chemical compound}}
+{{Short description|A chemical compound used in neuroscience research}}
-{{Chembox
+{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
-| ImageFile = 2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleriansäure.svg
-| ImageSize = 200px
-| ImageAlt = Structural formula of 2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid
-| IUPACName = (2S)-2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid
-| OtherNames = AP5, APV
-| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
-  | CASNo = 37193-05-0
-  | PubChem = 219
-  | ChemSpiderID = 213
-  | UNII = 0TQU766XAU
-  | ChEMBL = 354
-  | SMILES = N[C@@H](CCCP(=O)(O)O)C(=O)O
-  | InChI = 1S/C5H12NO5P/c6-4(5(7)8)2-1-3-12(9,10)11/h4H,1-3,6H2,(H,7,8)(H2,9,10,11)/t4-/m0/s1
-  | InChIKey = XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-BYPYZUCNSA-N
-}}
-}}
-'''2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid''' ('''AP5''', also known as '''APV''') is a chemical compound that acts as a selective [[NMDA receptor]] antagonist. It is commonly used in [[neuroscience]] research to study the role of NMDA receptors in synaptic plasticity and [[neurotransmission]].
+'''AP5''' (2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoate) is a chemical compound that acts as a selective [[NMDA receptor]] antagonist. It is commonly used in [[neuroscience]] research to study the role of NMDA receptors in synaptic plasticity and [[neurotransmission]].
-==Chemical Structure and Properties==
+==Chemical structure and properties==
-AP5 is an amino acid derivative with the chemical formula C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>NO<sub>5</sub>P. It is a phosphonic acid analog of the amino acid [[valine]], where the carboxylic acid group is replaced by a phosphonic acid group. This modification allows AP5 to bind to the NMDA receptor, blocking the action of the neurotransmitter [[glutamate]].
+AP5 is a derivative of [[valeric acid]], with a phosphono group attached to the fifth carbon of the pentanoic acid chain. Its chemical formula is C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>NO<sub>5</sub>P, and it is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water.
-==Mechanism of Action==
+==Mechanism of action==
-AP5 functions as a competitive antagonist at the [[NMDA receptor]], a type of [[ionotropic glutamate receptor]]. By binding to the glutamate site on the NMDA receptor, AP5 prevents the activation of the receptor by glutamate, thereby inhibiting the influx of [[calcium ions]] (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) into the neuron. This action is crucial for studying the role of NMDA receptors in [[long-term potentiation]] (LTP), a cellular mechanism underlying learning and memory.
+AP5 functions by competitively inhibiting the binding of the neurotransmitter [[glutamate]] to NMDA receptors. This inhibition prevents the opening of the ion channel associated with the receptor, thereby blocking the influx of [[calcium ions]] (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) into the neuron. This action is crucial for studying the role of NMDA receptors in [[long-term potentiation]] (LTP) and [[long-term depression]] (LTD), which are processes involved in [[synaptic plasticity]] and memory formation.
-==Applications in Research==
+==Applications in research==
-AP5 is widely used in [[neuroscience]] research to investigate the physiological and pathological roles of NMDA receptors. It is particularly useful in studies of synaptic plasticity, where it helps to elucidate the mechanisms of LTP and [[long-term depression]] (LTD). By blocking NMDA receptors, researchers can determine the contribution of these receptors to various neural processes.
+AP5 is widely used in experimental settings to investigate the physiological and pathological roles of NMDA receptors. It is particularly useful in studies of [[neurodegenerative diseases]], such as [[Alzheimer's disease]], where NMDA receptor dysfunction is implicated. Additionally, AP5 is employed in research on [[epilepsy]], [[schizophrenia]], and [[chronic pain]], where altered NMDA receptor activity is observed.
-==Safety and Handling==
+==Safety and handling==
-As with many research chemicals, AP5 should be handled with care. It is important to follow appropriate safety protocols, including the use of personal protective equipment and working in a well-ventilated area. AP5 should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from incompatible substances.
+As with many chemical compounds used in research, AP5 should be handled with care. It is important to use appropriate [[personal protective equipment]] (PPE) and follow safety protocols to prevent exposure. AP5 should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from incompatible substances.
-==Related Pages==
+==Related pages==
 * [[NMDA receptor]]
 * [[Glutamate (neurotransmitter)]]
-* [[Long-term potentiation]]
 * [[Synaptic plasticity]]
+* [[Neurotransmission]]
+==Gallery==
+<gallery>
+File:2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleriansäure.svg|Chemical structure of AP5
+</gallery>
-[[Category:NMDA receptor antagonists]]
-[[Category:Phosphonic acids]]
 [[Category:Neuroscience]]
+[[Category:Pharmacology]]
+[[Category:Chemical compounds]]