Apicystis

A genus of parasitic protozoa affecting bees

Apicystis is a genus of parasitic protozoa within the phylum Apicomplexa. This genus is known for its role in infecting honey bees and other bee species, contributing to colony decline and impacting pollination activities. The most studied species within this genus is Apicystis bombi, which primarily affects bumblebees.

Description

Apicystis species are single-celled organisms that belong to the Apicomplexa, a large phylum of parasitic protists. These organisms are characterized by their complex life cycles, which often involve multiple hosts and stages of development. Apicystis species are intracellular parasites, meaning they live inside the cells of their hosts.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of Apicystis involves both sexual and asexual reproduction. The parasite typically infects the fat body cells of bees, where it undergoes asexual reproduction to produce numerous sporozoites. These sporozoites are then released into the host's hemolymph, spreading the infection throughout the bee's body. The infection can lead to significant physiological stress and can be fatal to the host.

Impact on Bees

Apicystis bombi is particularly noted for its impact on bumblebee populations. Infected bees often exhibit reduced foraging efficiency, decreased lifespan, and impaired immune function. This can lead to weakened colonies and, in severe cases, colony collapse. The spread of Apicystis is facilitated by the movement of infected bees between colonies and through shared floral resources.

Research and Management

Research into Apicystis focuses on understanding its life cycle, transmission dynamics, and impact on bee health. Management strategies aim to reduce the spread of the parasite through improved beekeeping practices and habitat management. Efforts are also underway to develop treatments that can mitigate the effects of the parasite on bee populations.

Also see

• Apicomplexa
• Bumblebee
• Colony collapse disorder
• Parasites of bees

Apicomplexa Overview
Kingdom	Protista
Phylum	Apicomplexa
Characteristics	Obligate intracellular parasites, complex life cycles, apical complex structure
Notable Genera	Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, Eimeria
Diseases Caused	Malaria, Toxoplasmosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Coccidiosis
Reproduction	Sexual and asexual phases, often involving multiple hosts
Research Importance	Study of parasitic diseases, vaccine development, drug resistance
Related Articles	Protozoa, Parasitology, Infectious disease