Triangle of U: Difference between revisions

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Triangle of U

The Triangle of U is a concept in botany that describes the evolutionary relationships among certain species of the genus Brassica. It was first proposed by the Korean-Japanese botanist Woo Jang-choon in 1935. The "U" in the name refers to Woo Jang-choon's family name, "U" being the Japanese reading of the character "Woo".

Description

The Triangle of U illustrates the genetic relationships between six species of Brassica. These species are:

Brassica rapa (AA, 2n=20)
Brassica nigra (BB, 2n=16)
Brassica oleracea (CC, 2n=18)
Brassica napus (AACC, 2n=38)
Brassica juncea (AABB, 2n=36)
Brassica carinata (BBCC, 2n=34)

The three diploid species, B. rapa, B. nigra, and B. oleracea, are the ancestors of the three allotetraploid species, B. napus, B. juncea, and B. carinata. The diagram shows that each allotetraploid species is derived from the hybridization of two of the diploid species.

Genetic Relationships

The Triangle of U is based on the observation that the genomes of the diploid species can combine to form the genomes of the allotetraploid species. The relationships are as follows:

B. napus (AACC) is a hybrid of B. rapa (AA) and B. oleracea (CC).
B. juncea (AABB) is a hybrid of B. rapa (AA) and B. nigra (BB).
B. carinata (BBCC) is a hybrid of B. nigra (BB) and B. oleracea (CC).

These relationships are supported by cytogenetic and molecular studies, which have confirmed the chromosomal and genetic similarities among these species.

Significance

The Triangle of U is significant in the study of plant breeding and evolutionary biology. It provides a framework for understanding the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of the Brassica species, which are important agricultural crops. These species include vegetables like cabbage, broccoli, and mustard, as well as oilseed crops like canola.

Related pages

References

Woo, J. (1935). "Genomic analysis in Brassica with special reference to the experimental formation of B. napus and peculiar mode of fertilization". *Japanese Journal of Botany*.
Prakash, S., et al. (2011). "Brassica and its close allies: cytogenetics and evolution". *Plant Breeding Reviews*.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Triangle of U''' is a concept in the field of [[gastronomy]] and [[culinary arts]]. It refers to a method of understanding and categorizing food based on three main factors: [[Umami]], Uniqueness, and Utility.
+== Triangle of U ==
-== Umami ==
+The '''Triangle of U''' is a concept in [[botany]] that describes the evolutionary relationships among certain species of the genus ''[[Brassica]]''. It was first proposed by the Korean-Japanese botanist [[Woo Jang-choon]] in 1935. The "U" in the name refers to Woo Jang-choon's family name, "U" being the Japanese reading of the character "Woo".
-[[Umami]] is a Japanese word that translates to "pleasant savory taste". It is considered the fifth basic taste after sweet, sour, bitter, and salty. Umami is often described as a meaty, brothy, or savory taste and is found in foods such as [[soy sauce]], [[cheese]], and [[mushrooms]].
-== Uniqueness ==
+[[File:Triangle_of_U_Simple1.PNG|thumb|right|Diagram of the Triangle of U showing the relationships among ''Brassica'' species.]]
-Uniqueness in the Triangle of U refers to the distinctiveness of a food item or dish. This can be influenced by a variety of factors including the ingredients used, the method of preparation, and the cultural or regional context in which the food is consumed.
-== Utility ==
+== Description ==
-Utility in the Triangle of U refers to the practicality and versatility of a food item or dish. This can include considerations such as how easy the food is to prepare, how well it can be stored or preserved, and how it can be used in a variety of dishes.
-== Application ==
+The Triangle of U illustrates the genetic relationships between six species of ''Brassica''. These species are:
-The Triangle of U is used by chefs, food critics, and culinary enthusiasts to evaluate and discuss food. By considering Umami, Uniqueness, and Utility, individuals can gain a more comprehensive understanding of a food item or dish and can make more informed decisions about what to cook, eat, and enjoy.
-== See also ==
+* ''[[Brassica rapa]]'' (AA, 2n=20)
-* [[Food science]]
+* ''[[Brassica nigra]]'' (BB, 2n=16)
-* [[Culinary arts]]
+* ''[[Brassica oleracea]]'' (CC, 2n=18)
-* [[Taste]]
+* ''[[Brassica napus]]'' (AACC, 2n=38)
+* ''[[Brassica juncea]]'' (AABB, 2n=36)
+* ''[[Brassica carinata]]'' (BBCC, 2n=34)
-[[Category:Gastronomy]]
+The three diploid species, ''B. rapa'', ''B. nigra'', and ''B. oleracea'', are the ancestors of the three allotetraploid species, ''B. napus'', ''B. juncea'', and ''B. carinata''. The diagram shows that each allotetraploid species is derived from the hybridization of two of the diploid species.
-[[Category:Culinary arts]]
-[[Category:Food science]]
+== Genetic Relationships ==
-{{food-stub}}
+The Triangle of U is based on the observation that the genomes of the diploid species can combine to form the genomes of the allotetraploid species. The relationships are as follows:
+* ''B. napus'' (AACC) is a hybrid of ''B. rapa'' (AA) and ''B. oleracea'' (CC).
+* ''B. juncea'' (AABB) is a hybrid of ''B. rapa'' (AA) and ''B. nigra'' (BB).
+* ''B. carinata'' (BBCC) is a hybrid of ''B. nigra'' (BB) and ''B. oleracea'' (CC).
+These relationships are supported by [[cytogenetic]] and [[molecular biology|molecular]] studies, which have confirmed the chromosomal and genetic similarities among these species.
+== Significance ==
+The Triangle of U is significant in the study of [[plant breeding]] and [[evolutionary biology]]. It provides a framework for understanding the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of the ''Brassica'' species, which are important agricultural crops. These species include vegetables like [[cabbage]], [[broccoli]], and [[mustard]], as well as oilseed crops like [[canola]].
+== Related pages ==
+* [[Brassica]]
+* [[Plant hybridization]]
+* [[Polyploidy]]
+== References ==
+* Woo, J. (1935). "Genomic analysis in Brassica with special reference to the experimental formation of B. napus and peculiar mode of fertilization". *Japanese Journal of Botany*.
+* Prakash, S., et al. (2011). "Brassica and its close allies: cytogenetics and evolution". *Plant Breeding Reviews*.
+[[Category:Brassica]]
+[[Category:Botany]]
+[[Category:Plant genetics]]