Lingual branches of glossopharyngeal nerve: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 07:55, 22 January 2025

The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) is one of the twelve cranial nerves that originate from the brainstem. It provides both sensory and motor innervation to various structures in the head and neck regions. One of its important branches is the lingual branch, which plays a crucial role in the innervation of the tongue.

Anatomy[edit]

The glossopharyngeal nerve arises from the medulla oblongata, specifically from the posterior aspect of the brainstem. It exits the skull through the jugular foramen alongside the vagus nerve (CN X) and the accessory nerve (CN XI). After exiting the skull, the glossopharyngeal nerve gives rise to several branches, including the lingual branch.

The lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve descends along the posterior border of the stylopharyngeus muscle. It then passes between the superior pharyngeal constrictor and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles before entering the tongue. Within the tongue, the lingual branch divides into multiple smaller branches, each supplying different regions of the tongue.

Function[edit]

The lingual branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve are primarily responsible for providing sensory innervation to the posterior one-third of the tongue. This includes:

Taste sensation: Received from the circumvallate papillae located at the back of the tongue.
General sensory information: Includes touch, temperature, and pain from the posterior part of the tongue.

In addition to sensory innervation, the lingual branches also contribute to the motor innervation of the tongue by supplying the styloglossus muscle. This muscle is involved in retracting and elevating the tongue, which is crucial for swallowing and speech production.

Clinical significance[edit]

Damage or dysfunction of the lingual branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve can lead to various clinical manifestations:

Altered taste sensation: Patients may experience a loss of taste or distorted taste perception in the posterior part of the tongue.
Numbness or tingling: General sensory dysfunction may result in numbness or discomfort in the affected area.
Motor deficits: Impaired innervation to the tongue muscles can cause difficulties in swallowing (dysphagia), speech articulation, and overall tongue movement. This may lead to problems with controlling food and liquids in the mouth, affecting chewing and swallowing.

Also see[edit]

To learn more about the cranial nerves and their functions, explore the following articles:

Gray's Anatomy[edit]

Anatomy atlases (external)[edit]

[1] - Anatomy Atlases

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-== Lingual branches of glossopharyngeal nerve ==
+The [[glossopharyngeal nerve]] ('''CN IX''') is one of the twelve [[cranial nerves]] that originate from the [[brainstem]]. It provides both sensory and motor innervation to various structures in the [[head]] and [[neck]] regions. One of its important branches is the [[lingual branch]], which plays a crucial role in the [[innervation]] of the [[tongue]].
-The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) is one of the twelve cranial nerves that originate from the brainstem. It is responsible for providing sensory and motor innervation to various structures in the head and neck region. One of its important branches is the lingual branch, which plays a crucial role in the innervation of the tongue.
 === Anatomy ===
-The glossopharyngeal nerve arises from the medulla oblongata, specifically from the posterior aspect of the brainstem. It exits the skull through the jugular foramen along with the vagus nerve (CN X) and the accessory nerve (CN XI). After exiting the skull, the glossopharyngeal nerve gives rise to several branches, including the lingual branch.
+The glossopharyngeal nerve arises from the [[medulla oblongata]], specifically from the posterior aspect of the [[brainstem]]. It exits the [[skull]] through the [[jugular foramen]] alongside the [[vagus nerve]] ('''CN X''') and the [[accessory nerve]] ('''CN XI'''). After exiting the skull, the glossopharyngeal nerve gives rise to several branches, including the lingual branch.
-The lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve descends along the posterior border of the stylopharyngeus muscle. It then passes between the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles before entering the tongue. Within the tongue, the lingual branch divides into multiple lingual branches, each supplying different regions of the tongue.
+The [[lingual branch]] of the glossopharyngeal nerve descends along the posterior border of the [[stylopharyngeus muscle]]. It then passes between the [[superior pharyngeal constrictor]] and [[middle pharyngeal constrictor]] muscles before entering the tongue. Within the tongue, the lingual branch divides into multiple smaller branches, each supplying different regions of the tongue.
 === Function ===
-The lingual branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve are primarily responsible for providing sensory innervation to the posterior one-third of the tongue. This includes the taste sensation from the circumvallate papillae, located at the back of the tongue. The lingual branches also carry general sensory information from the posterior part of the tongue, including touch, temperature, and pain.
+The lingual branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve are primarily responsible for providing sensory innervation to the posterior one-third of the tongue. This includes:
+* '''Taste sensation''': Received from the [[circumvallate papillae]] located at the back of the tongue.
-In addition to sensory innervation, the lingual branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve also contribute to the motor innervation of the tongue. They supply the styloglossus muscle, which helps in retracting and elevating the tongue. This muscle plays a role in swallowing and speech production.
+* '''General sensory information''': Includes touch, temperature, and pain from the posterior part of the tongue.
-=== Clinical Significance ===
-Damage or dysfunction of the lingual branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve can lead to various clinical manifestations. Patients may experience altered taste sensation in the posterior part of the tongue, resulting in a loss of taste or a distorted taste perception. They may also complain of numbness or tingling in the affected area.
+In addition to sensory innervation, the lingual branches also contribute to the motor innervation of the tongue by supplying the [[styloglossus muscle]]. This muscle is involved in retracting and elevating the tongue, which is crucial for [[swallowing]] and [[speech production]].
-Furthermore, dysfunction of the lingual branches can affect the motor function of the tongue. This can lead to difficulties in swallowing, speech articulation, and overall tongue movement. Patients may have trouble controlling food and liquids in their mouth, leading to problems with chewing and swallowing.
+=== Clinical significance ===
-=== Related Articles ===
+Damage or dysfunction of the lingual branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve can lead to various clinical manifestations:
+* '''Altered taste sensation''': Patients may experience a loss of taste or distorted taste perception in the posterior part of the tongue.
-To learn more about the cranial nerves and their functions, you may find the following articles helpful:
+* '''Numbness or tingling''': General sensory dysfunction may result in numbness or discomfort in the affected area.
+* '''Motor deficits''': Impaired innervation to the [[tongue muscles]] can cause difficulties in [[swallowing]] ([[dysphagia]]), speech articulation, and overall tongue movement. This may lead to problems with controlling food and liquids in the mouth, affecting [[chewing]] and swallowing.
+=== Also see ===
+To learn more about the cranial nerves and their functions, explore the following articles:
 * [[Cranial nerves]]
 * [[Glossopharyngeal nerve]]
 * [[Tongue anatomy]]
 * [[Swallowing disorders]]
+* [[Circumvallate papilla]]
-== References ==
+{{Gray's}}
+{{Cranial nerves}}
-. Standring, S. (Ed.). (2016). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (41st ed.). Elsevier.
+{{Portal bar|Anatomy}}
+[[Category:Glossopharyngeal nerve]]
-. Drake, R. L., Vogl, W., & Mitchell, A. W. M. (2014). Gray's Anatomy for Students (3rd ed.). Elsevier.
+[[Category:Gustatory system]]
+[[Category:Innervation of the tongue]]
-. Moore, K. L., Dalley, A. F., & Agur, A. M. R. (2014). Clinically Oriented Anatomy (7th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.<br>{{stub}}
+[[Category:Neuroanatomy]]
-{{dictionary-stub1}}
+{{neuroanatomy-stub}}
+{{stub}}