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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Glycosuria | |||
| image = [[File:Beta-D-Glucose.svg|150px]] | |||
| caption = Structure of [[glucose]], the sugar found in urine in glycosuria | |||
| field = [[Endocrinology]] | |||
| synonyms = Glucosuria | |||
| symptoms = [[Polyuria]], [[polydipsia]], [[dehydration]] | |||
| complications = [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[urinary tract infection]] | |||
| onset = Can be sudden or gradual | |||
| duration = Depends on underlying cause | |||
| causes = [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[renal glycosuria]], [[pregnancy]] | |||
| risks = [[Family history]], [[obesity]], [[sedentary lifestyle]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Urinalysis]], [[blood glucose test]] | |||
| differential = [[Diabetes insipidus]], [[Fanconi syndrome]] | |||
| treatment = Depends on underlying cause; may include [[insulin therapy]], [[dietary changes]] | |||
| medication = [[Insulin]], [[oral hypoglycemics]] | |||
| frequency = Common in individuals with [[diabetes mellitus]] | |||
}} | |||
'''Glycosuria''', also known as '''glucosuria''', refers to the presence of glucose in the urine, a condition that typically stems from elevated blood glucose levels. Under normal physiological conditions, urine should be devoid of glucose since the kidneys efficiently reabsorb glucose from the filtrate into the bloodstream. However, abnormalities, primarily from untreated [[diabetes mellitus]], can lead to this condition. A less common cause is renal glycosuria, where there's an inherent defect in the kidneys' glucose reabsorption mechanism. | '''Glycosuria''', also known as '''glucosuria''', refers to the presence of glucose in the urine, a condition that typically stems from elevated blood glucose levels. Under normal physiological conditions, urine should be devoid of glucose since the kidneys efficiently reabsorb glucose from the filtrate into the bloodstream. However, abnormalities, primarily from untreated [[diabetes mellitus]], can lead to this condition. A less common cause is renal glycosuria, where there's an inherent defect in the kidneys' glucose reabsorption mechanism. | ||
[[File:Urine sample.JPG|Urine sample|thumb]] [[File:DiaPhan.jpg|Urine test strip|thumb]] [[File:Ketodiastix.jpg|Ketodiastix|thumb]] | [[File:Urine sample.JPG|Urine sample|left|thumb]] [[File:DiaPhan.jpg|Urine test strip|left|thumb]] [[File:Ketodiastix.jpg|Ketodiastix|left|thumb]] | ||
===Causes=== | ===Causes=== | ||
* '''[[Diabetes Mellitus]]''': This is the most common cause. Untreated or inadequately treated diabetes leads to elevated blood glucose levels which in turn results in glycosuria. | * '''[[Diabetes Mellitus]]''': This is the most common cause. Untreated or inadequately treated diabetes leads to elevated blood glucose levels which in turn results in glycosuria. | ||
* '''[[Renal Glycosuria]]''': A rare condition where glycosuria occurs due to an intrinsic kidney problem unrelated to elevated blood glucose levels. | * '''[[Renal Glycosuria]]''': A rare condition where glycosuria occurs due to an intrinsic kidney problem unrelated to elevated blood glucose levels. | ||
===Consequences=== | ===Consequences=== | ||
Glycosuria induces osmotic diuresis, where the presence of glucose in the urine draws water along with it, leading to dehydration. This can compound the symptoms experienced by individuals with poorly managed diabetes. | Glycosuria induces osmotic diuresis, where the presence of glucose in the urine draws water along with it, leading to dehydration. This can compound the symptoms experienced by individuals with poorly managed diabetes. | ||
===Pathophysiology=== | ===Pathophysiology=== | ||
Blood undergoes filtration in the kidneys' functional units called nephrons. In the nephron, the | Blood undergoes filtration in the kidneys' functional units called nephrons. In the nephron, the glomerulus‚Äîa cluster of leaky capillaries‚Äîallows for the formation of filtrate, which is captured by the surrounding Bowman's capsule. This filtrate is rich in waste products, electrolytes, amino acids, and glucose. As the filtrate progresses into the renal tubules, the proximal tubule reabsorbs glucose back into the bloodstream. However, the proximal tubule has a capacity limit for glucose reabsorption. When blood glucose levels surpass approximately 160–180 mg/dl, the tubule's capacity is exceeded, leading to urinary glucose excretion. This threshold is termed the '''renal threshold of glucose (RTG)'''. For certain populations, such as pregnant women and children, the RTG may be lower than average, sometimes resulting in glucosuria even at normal blood glucose levels. | ||
When the inherently low RTG results in glucosuria, the condition is designated as renal glycosuria. | When the inherently low RTG results in glucosuria, the condition is designated as renal glycosuria. | ||
===Detection=== | ===Detection=== | ||
Glucose presence in urine can be ascertained through: | Glucose presence in urine can be ascertained through: | ||
* '''Benedict's Qualitative Test''': A chemical assay that detects reducing sugars, including glucose. | * '''Benedict's Qualitative Test''': A chemical assay that detects reducing sugars, including glucose. | ||
* '''Urine Dipstick''': A quick diagnostic tool; however, certain medications like Pyridium or AZO Standard may result in false-positive outcomes for glycosuria. | * '''Urine Dipstick''': A quick diagnostic tool; however, certain medications like Pyridium or AZO Standard may result in false-positive outcomes for glycosuria. | ||
===Special Considerations=== | ===Special Considerations=== | ||
It's crucial to differentiate between glycosuria resulting from unmanaged diabetes and that from an intrinsic kidney issue. Appropriate management and therapy rely heavily on an accurate diagnosis. | It's crucial to differentiate between glycosuria resulting from unmanaged diabetes and that from an intrinsic kidney issue. Appropriate management and therapy rely heavily on an accurate diagnosis. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Diabetes Mellitus]] | * [[Diabetes Mellitus]] | ||
Latest revision as of 02:23, 7 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Glycosuria | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Glucosuria |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration |
| Complications | Diabetes mellitus, urinary tract infection |
| Onset | Can be sudden or gradual |
| Duration | Depends on underlying cause |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Diabetes mellitus, renal glycosuria, pregnancy |
| Risks | Family history, obesity, sedentary lifestyle |
| Diagnosis | Urinalysis, blood glucose test |
| Differential diagnosis | Diabetes insipidus, Fanconi syndrome |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Depends on underlying cause; may include insulin therapy, dietary changes |
| Medication | Insulin, oral hypoglycemics |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Common in individuals with diabetes mellitus |
| Deaths | N/A |
Glycosuria, also known as glucosuria, refers to the presence of glucose in the urine, a condition that typically stems from elevated blood glucose levels. Under normal physiological conditions, urine should be devoid of glucose since the kidneys efficiently reabsorb glucose from the filtrate into the bloodstream. However, abnormalities, primarily from untreated diabetes mellitus, can lead to this condition. A less common cause is renal glycosuria, where there's an inherent defect in the kidneys' glucose reabsorption mechanism.
Causes[edit]
- Diabetes Mellitus: This is the most common cause. Untreated or inadequately treated diabetes leads to elevated blood glucose levels which in turn results in glycosuria.
- Renal Glycosuria: A rare condition where glycosuria occurs due to an intrinsic kidney problem unrelated to elevated blood glucose levels.
Consequences[edit]
Glycosuria induces osmotic diuresis, where the presence of glucose in the urine draws water along with it, leading to dehydration. This can compound the symptoms experienced by individuals with poorly managed diabetes.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Blood undergoes filtration in the kidneys' functional units called nephrons. In the nephron, the glomerulus‚Äîa cluster of leaky capillaries‚Äîallows for the formation of filtrate, which is captured by the surrounding Bowman's capsule. This filtrate is rich in waste products, electrolytes, amino acids, and glucose. As the filtrate progresses into the renal tubules, the proximal tubule reabsorbs glucose back into the bloodstream. However, the proximal tubule has a capacity limit for glucose reabsorption. When blood glucose levels surpass approximately 160–180 mg/dl, the tubule's capacity is exceeded, leading to urinary glucose excretion. This threshold is termed the renal threshold of glucose (RTG). For certain populations, such as pregnant women and children, the RTG may be lower than average, sometimes resulting in glucosuria even at normal blood glucose levels. When the inherently low RTG results in glucosuria, the condition is designated as renal glycosuria.
Detection[edit]
Glucose presence in urine can be ascertained through:
- Benedict's Qualitative Test: A chemical assay that detects reducing sugars, including glucose.
- Urine Dipstick: A quick diagnostic tool; however, certain medications like Pyridium or AZO Standard may result in false-positive outcomes for glycosuria.
Special Considerations[edit]
It's crucial to differentiate between glycosuria resulting from unmanaged diabetes and that from an intrinsic kidney issue. Appropriate management and therapy rely heavily on an accurate diagnosis.
See Also[edit]
 | |
|---|---|
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| Components and results of urine tests | ||||||
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