Kayser–Fleischer ring: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Kayser–Fleischer ring | |||
| image = [[File:Kayser-Fleischer_ring.jpg|left|thumb|Kayser–Fleischer ring]] | |||
| caption = Kayser–Fleischer ring visible in the cornea | |||
| field = [[Ophthalmology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Brown]] or [[gray]]-[[green]] ring around the [[cornea]] | |||
| complications = [[Wilson's disease]] | |||
| onset = Typically in [[adolescence]] or [[early adulthood]] | |||
| duration = [[Chronic]] | |||
| causes = [[Copper]] deposition due to [[Wilson's disease]] | |||
| risks = [[Genetic predisposition]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Slit-lamp examination]] | |||
| differential = [[Arcus senilis]], [[Chalcosis]] | |||
| treatment = [[Chelation therapy]], [[Zinc]] supplementation | |||
| prognosis = Depends on underlying [[Wilson's disease]] management | |||
| frequency = Common in untreated [[Wilson's disease]] | |||
}} | |||
[[File:KF_ring_and_Sunflower_cataract.jpg|Kayser–Fleischer ring and Sunflower cataract|thumb|left]] | |||
[[File:KF_ring_2.jpg|Kayser–Fleischer ring|thumb|left]] | |||
[[File:KF_ring_1.jpg|Kayser–Fleischer ring|thumb|left]] | |||
'''Kayser–Fleischer ring''' is a medical sign observed in certain diseases, most notably [[Wilson's disease]]. It is named after the two physicians, [[Bernhard Kayser]] and [[Bruno Fleischer]], who first described it in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. | '''Kayser–Fleischer ring''' is a medical sign observed in certain diseases, most notably [[Wilson's disease]]. It is named after the two physicians, [[Bernhard Kayser]] and [[Bruno Fleischer]], who first described it in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. | ||
== Description == | == Description == | ||
The Kayser–Fleischer ring is a dark ring that appears to encircle the [[iris (anatomy)|iris]] of the eye. It is caused by the accumulation of copper in the [[Descemet's membrane]], a part of the [[cornea]]. The ring is usually golden or greenish-brown in color, and can be seen on examination with a [[slit lamp]]. | The Kayser–Fleischer ring is a dark ring that appears to encircle the [[iris (anatomy)|iris]] of the eye. It is caused by the accumulation of copper in the [[Descemet's membrane]], a part of the [[cornea]]. The ring is usually golden or greenish-brown in color, and can be seen on examination with a [[slit lamp]]. | ||
== Associated conditions == | == Associated conditions == | ||
The most common condition associated with Kayser–Fleischer rings is Wilson's disease, a rare inherited disorder that causes copper to accumulate in the liver, brain, and other vital organs. However, they can also occur in other conditions that cause copper accumulation, such as [[primary biliary cirrhosis]] and [[cryptogenic cirrhosis]]. | The most common condition associated with Kayser–Fleischer rings is Wilson's disease, a rare inherited disorder that causes copper to accumulate in the liver, brain, and other vital organs. However, they can also occur in other conditions that cause copper accumulation, such as [[primary biliary cirrhosis]] and [[cryptogenic cirrhosis]]. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
The presence of Kayser–Fleischer rings can aid in the diagnosis of Wilson's disease, especially when accompanied by neurological symptoms or signs of liver disease. However, their absence does not rule out the disease. Other diagnostic tests, such as serum and urine copper levels, liver biopsy, and genetic testing, may also be used. | The presence of Kayser–Fleischer rings can aid in the diagnosis of Wilson's disease, especially when accompanied by neurological symptoms or signs of liver disease. However, their absence does not rule out the disease. Other diagnostic tests, such as serum and urine copper levels, liver biopsy, and genetic testing, may also be used. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment of Kayser–Fleischer rings involves treating the underlying condition causing copper accumulation. In the case of Wilson's disease, this may involve medications to reduce copper levels, dietary changes, and in severe cases, liver transplantation. | Treatment of Kayser–Fleischer rings involves treating the underlying condition causing copper accumulation. In the case of Wilson's disease, this may involve medications to reduce copper levels, dietary changes, and in severe cases, liver transplantation. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Wilson's disease]] | * [[Wilson's disease]] | ||
* [[Copper metabolism]] | * [[Copper metabolism]] | ||
* [[Descemet's membrane]] | * [[Descemet's membrane]] | ||
{{Eye-stub}} | {{Eye-stub}} | ||
[[Category:Medical signs]] | [[Category:Medical signs]] | ||
[[Category:Ophthalmology]] | [[Category:Ophthalmology]] | ||
[[Category:Rare diseases]] | [[Category:Rare diseases]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:19, 9 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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| Kayser–Fleischer ring | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Brown or gray-green ring around the cornea |
| Complications | Wilson's disease |
| Onset | Typically in adolescence or early adulthood |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Copper deposition due to Wilson's disease |
| Risks | Genetic predisposition |
| Diagnosis | Slit-lamp examination |
| Differential diagnosis | Arcus senilis, Chalcosis |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Chelation therapy, Zinc supplementation |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Depends on underlying Wilson's disease management |
| Frequency | Common in untreated Wilson's disease |
| Deaths | N/A |
Kayser–Fleischer ring is a medical sign observed in certain diseases, most notably Wilson's disease. It is named after the two physicians, Bernhard Kayser and Bruno Fleischer, who first described it in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Description[edit]
The Kayser–Fleischer ring is a dark ring that appears to encircle the iris of the eye. It is caused by the accumulation of copper in the Descemet's membrane, a part of the cornea. The ring is usually golden or greenish-brown in color, and can be seen on examination with a slit lamp.
Associated conditions[edit]
The most common condition associated with Kayser–Fleischer rings is Wilson's disease, a rare inherited disorder that causes copper to accumulate in the liver, brain, and other vital organs. However, they can also occur in other conditions that cause copper accumulation, such as primary biliary cirrhosis and cryptogenic cirrhosis.
Diagnosis[edit]
The presence of Kayser–Fleischer rings can aid in the diagnosis of Wilson's disease, especially when accompanied by neurological symptoms or signs of liver disease. However, their absence does not rule out the disease. Other diagnostic tests, such as serum and urine copper levels, liver biopsy, and genetic testing, may also be used.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of Kayser–Fleischer rings involves treating the underlying condition causing copper accumulation. In the case of Wilson's disease, this may involve medications to reduce copper levels, dietary changes, and in severe cases, liver transplantation.
