Arcus senilis

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Arcus senilis
Synonyms	Arcus senilis corneae, corneal arcus
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	White, gray, or blue opaque ring in the corneal margin
Complications	None
Onset	Commonly in elderly
Duration	Permanent
Types	N/A
Causes	Lipid deposits in the cornea
Risks	Hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease
Diagnosis	Clinical diagnosis
Differential diagnosis	Limbal girdle of Vogt, band keratopathy
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	None required
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Benign
Frequency	Common in older adults
Deaths	N/A

Arcus Senilis

Corneal arcus

Arcus senilis is a common ophthalmological condition characterized by a gray or white arc or ring around the cornea of the eye. This condition is often associated with aging and is considered a normal finding in older adults. It is also known as corneal arcus or arcus lipoides.

Pathophysiology

Arcus senilis occurs due to the deposition of lipids in the peripheral cornea. These lipids are primarily cholesterol and phospholipids, which accumulate in the corneal stroma. The condition is typically bilateral, meaning it affects both eyes, and the arc or ring is usually located at the corneal periphery, sparing the central cornea.

Clinical Presentation

Four representative slides of corneal arcus

Arcus senilis appears as a white, gray, or blue opaque ring in the corneal margin. It is more common in older adults, typically appearing after the age of 50. In younger individuals, the presence of arcus senilis may indicate hyperlipidemia or other lipid metabolism disorders.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of arcus senilis is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the corneal ring. An ophthalmologist can easily identify the condition during a routine eye examination using a slit lamp.

Significance

While arcus senilis is generally considered a benign condition in the elderly, its presence in younger individuals may warrant further investigation for underlying lipid disorders. In such cases, a lipid profile test may be recommended to assess cholesterol levels and evaluate the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Management

Arcus senilis itself does not require treatment, as it does not affect vision or cause any symptoms. However, if it is associated with hyperlipidemia, managing the underlying lipid disorder is important to reduce cardiovascular risk.

Related Conditions

Arcus senilis should be differentiated from other corneal opacities and rings, such as Kayser-Fleischer ring, which is associated with Wilson's disease.

See also

• Cornea
• Hyperlipidemia
• Ophthalmology
• Cardiovascular disease