AP5: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Chemical compound}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:AP5 (2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid)}}
{{Chembox
'''AP5''', also known as '''2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid''', is a chemical compound that acts as a selective [[NMDA receptor]] antagonist. It is commonly used in [[neuroscience]] research to study the role of NMDA receptors in [[synaptic plasticity]] and [[neurotransmission]].
| ImageFile = 2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleriansäure.svg
| ImageSize = 200px
| ImageAlt = Structural formula of 2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid
| IUPACName = (2S)-2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid
| OtherNames = AP5, APV
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
  | CASNo = 37193-05-0
  | PubChem = 219
  | ChemSpiderID = 213
  | UNII = 0TQU766XAU
  | ChEMBL = 354
  | SMILES = N[C@@H](CCCP(=O)(O)O)C(=O)O
  | InChI = 1S/C5H12NO5P/c6-4(5(7)8)2-1-3-12(9,10)11/h4H,1-3,6H2,(H,7,8)(H2,9,10,11)/t4-/m0/s1
  | InChIKey = XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-BYPYZUCNSA-N
}}
}}


'''2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid''' ('''AP5''', also known as '''APV''') is a chemical compound that acts as a selective [[NMDA receptor]] antagonist. It is commonly used in [[neuroscience]] research to study the role of NMDA receptors in synaptic plasticity and [[neurotransmission]].
== Chemical Properties ==
AP5 is a [[phosphonic acid]] derivative with the chemical formula C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>NO<sub>5</sub>P. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water. The compound is characterized by the presence of an amino group and a phosphonic acid group, which are responsible for its biological activity.


==Chemical Structure and Properties==
== Mechanism of Action ==
AP5 is an amino acid derivative with the chemical formula C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>NO<sub>5</sub>P. It is a phosphonic acid analog of the amino acid [[valine]], where the carboxylic acid group is replaced by a phosphonic acid group. This modification allows AP5 to bind to the NMDA receptor, blocking the action of the neurotransmitter [[glutamate]].
AP5 functions by competitively inhibiting the binding of the neurotransmitter [[glutamate]] to the NMDA receptor. This inhibition prevents the opening of the ion channel associated with the receptor, thereby blocking the influx of [[calcium ions]] (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) into the [[neuron]]. This action is crucial for understanding the role of NMDA receptors in [[long-term potentiation]] (LTP), a cellular mechanism underlying [[learning]] and [[memory]].


==Mechanism of Action==
== Applications in Research ==
AP5 functions as a competitive antagonist at the [[NMDA receptor]], a type of [[ionotropic glutamate receptor]]. By binding to the glutamate site on the NMDA receptor, AP5 prevents the activation of the receptor by glutamate, thereby inhibiting the influx of [[calcium ions]] (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) into the neuron. This action is crucial for studying the role of NMDA receptors in [[long-term potentiation]] (LTP), a cellular mechanism underlying learning and memory.
In [[experimental neuroscience]], AP5 is used to investigate the involvement of NMDA receptors in various physiological and pathological processes. For example, it is employed in studies of [[epilepsy]], [[ischemic brain injury]], and [[neurodegenerative diseases]] such as [[Alzheimer's disease]]. By blocking NMDA receptors, researchers can assess the contribution of these receptors to neuronal excitability and synaptic strength.


==Applications in Research==
== Safety and Handling ==
AP5 is widely used in [[neuroscience]] research to investigate the physiological and pathological roles of NMDA receptors. It is particularly useful in studies of synaptic plasticity, where it helps to elucidate the mechanisms of LTP and [[long-term depression]] (LTD). By blocking NMDA receptors, researchers can determine the contribution of these receptors to various neural processes.
AP5 should be handled with care in a laboratory setting. It is important to use appropriate [[personal protective equipment]] (PPE) such as gloves and goggles when working with this compound. Although AP5 is not highly toxic, it should be used in well-ventilated areas to minimize exposure.


==Safety and Handling==
== Related Pages ==
As with many research chemicals, AP5 should be handled with care. It is important to follow appropriate safety protocols, including the use of personal protective equipment and working in a well-ventilated area. AP5 should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from incompatible substances.
 
==Related Pages==
* [[NMDA receptor]]
* [[NMDA receptor]]
* [[Glutamate (neurotransmitter)]]
* [[Glutamate]]
* [[Synaptic plasticity]]
* [[Long-term potentiation]]
* [[Long-term potentiation]]
* [[Synaptic plasticity]]
* [[Neurotransmission]]


[[Category:NMDA receptor antagonists]]
[[Category:Phosphonic acids]]
[[Category:Neuroscience]]
[[Category:Neuroscience]]
[[Category:Pharmacology]]
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
<gallery>
File:2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleriansäure.svg|2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid
</gallery>

Latest revision as of 05:04, 3 March 2025

AP5, also known as 2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, is a chemical compound that acts as a selective NMDA receptor antagonist. It is commonly used in neuroscience research to study the role of NMDA receptors in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission.

Chemical Properties[edit]

AP5 is a phosphonic acid derivative with the chemical formula C5H12NO5P. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water. The compound is characterized by the presence of an amino group and a phosphonic acid group, which are responsible for its biological activity.

Mechanism of Action[edit]

AP5 functions by competitively inhibiting the binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the NMDA receptor. This inhibition prevents the opening of the ion channel associated with the receptor, thereby blocking the influx of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the neuron. This action is crucial for understanding the role of NMDA receptors in long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular mechanism underlying learning and memory.

Applications in Research[edit]

In experimental neuroscience, AP5 is used to investigate the involvement of NMDA receptors in various physiological and pathological processes. For example, it is employed in studies of epilepsy, ischemic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. By blocking NMDA receptors, researchers can assess the contribution of these receptors to neuronal excitability and synaptic strength.

Safety and Handling[edit]

AP5 should be handled with care in a laboratory setting. It is important to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles when working with this compound. Although AP5 is not highly toxic, it should be used in well-ventilated areas to minimize exposure.

Related Pages[edit]

  • 2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid
    2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid
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