Bufuralol: Difference between revisions

Bufuralol
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Latest revision as of 03:59, 13 February 2025

Overview of the beta-blocker Bufuralol

Bufuralol is a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist used primarily in the treatment of hypertension and certain types of cardiac arrhythmias. It is a non-selective beta-blocker, meaning it affects both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors.

Pharmacology[edit]

Bufuralol works by blocking the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine on beta-adrenergic receptors, which are part of the sympathetic nervous system. This action results in a decrease in heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure, making it effective in managing hypertension and arrhythmias.

Mechanism of Action[edit]

Bufuralol binds to beta-adrenergic receptors, preventing the usual binding of catecholamines. This inhibition reduces the effects of sympathetic nervous system stimulation, leading to decreased heart rate and myocardial contractility. The drug's non-selective nature means it can also affect beta-2 receptors, which are found in the bronchi and vascular smooth muscle.

Clinical Use[edit]

Bufuralol is used in the management of:

Side Effects[edit]

Common side effects of bufuralol include:

Less common but more serious side effects can include:

Metabolism[edit]

Bufuralol is metabolized primarily in the liver by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, particularly by CYP2D6. This enzyme is known for its genetic polymorphism, which can lead to variability in drug metabolism among different individuals.

Chemical Structure[edit]

Bufuralol is a racemic mixture, meaning it contains two enantiomers. The chemical structure includes a phenyl group and a butyl side chain, which are characteristic of many beta-blockers.

Related pages[edit]

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-'''Bufuralol''' is a [[beta blocker]] used in the treatment of [[hypertension]] and [[arrhythmia]]. It is a non-selective beta blocker, meaning it blocks both β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors. Bufuralol is not commonly used due to its potential for serious side effects, including [[bradycardia]], [[hypotension]], and [[bronchospasm]].
+{{Short description|Overview of the beta-blocker Bufuralol}}
+{{Drugbox
+| verifiedrevid = 477318123
+| image = Bufuralol.svg
+| image2 = <!-- Another image if available -->
+}}
+'''Bufuralol''' is a [[beta-adrenergic receptor]] [[antagonist]] used primarily in the treatment of [[hypertension]] and certain types of [[cardiac arrhythmias]]. It is a non-selective beta-blocker, meaning it affects both [[beta-1 adrenergic receptor|beta-1]] and [[beta-2 adrenergic receptor|beta-2]] receptors.
 ==Pharmacology==
-Bufuralol works by blocking the action of [[epinephrine]] and [[norepinephrine]] on the heart and blood vessels. This reduces heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart. It also helps to open up the airways, making it easier to breathe.
+Bufuralol works by blocking the action of [[epinephrine]] and [[norepinephrine]] on beta-adrenergic receptors, which are part of the [[sympathetic nervous system]]. This action results in a decrease in heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure, making it effective in managing hypertension and arrhythmias.
-==Uses==
+===Mechanism of Action===
-Bufuralol is used to treat high blood pressure and irregular heart rhythms. It may also be used to prevent [[angina]] and reduce the risk of heart complications following a [[myocardial infarction]].
+Bufuralol binds to beta-adrenergic receptors, preventing the usual binding of catecholamines. This inhibition reduces the effects of sympathetic nervous system stimulation, leading to decreased heart rate and myocardial contractility. The drug's non-selective nature means it can also affect beta-2 receptors, which are found in the [[bronchi]] and [[vascular smooth muscle]].
+==Clinical Use==
+Bufuralol is used in the management of:
+* [[Hypertension]]
+* [[Angina pectoris]]
+* Certain types of [[arrhythmias]]
 ==Side Effects==
-Common side effects of bufuralol include fatigue, dizziness, and cold hands and feet. More serious side effects can include slow heart rate, low blood pressure, and difficulty breathing. If these occur, medical attention should be sought immediately.
+Common side effects of bufuralol include:
+* [[Bradycardia]]
+* [[Hypotension]]
+* [[Fatigue]]
+* [[Dizziness]]
-==Contraindications==
+Less common but more serious side effects can include:
-Bufuralol is contraindicated in patients with severe [[bradycardia]], [[heart block]], or [[cardiogenic shock]]. It should also be used with caution in patients with [[asthma]] or other respiratory conditions, as it can cause bronchospasm.
+* [[Bronchospasm]]
+* [[Heart failure]]
+* [[Depression]]
-==Interactions==
+==Metabolism==
-Bufuralol can interact with a number of other medications, including other beta blockers, [[calcium channel blockers]], and [[digoxin]]. These interactions can increase the risk of side effects and should be monitored closely.
+Bufuralol is metabolized primarily in the [[liver]] by the [[cytochrome P450]] enzyme system, particularly by [[CYP2D6]]. This enzyme is known for its genetic polymorphism, which can lead to variability in drug metabolism among different individuals.
-==See Also==
+==Chemical Structure==
+[[File:Bufuralol.svg|thumb|right|Chemical structure of Bufuralol]]
+Bufuralol is a racemic mixture, meaning it contains two enantiomers. The chemical structure includes a [[phenyl]] group and a [[butyl]] side chain, which are characteristic of many beta-blockers.
+==Related pages==
 * [[Beta blocker]]
+* [[Adrenergic receptor]]
 * [[Hypertension]]
 * [[Arrhythmia]]
 [[Category:Beta blockers]]
-[[Category:Drugs used in cardiovascular disease]]
+[[Category:Antihypertensive agents]]
-[[Category:Pharmacology]]
-{{stub}}