Tooth discoloration

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Tooth discoloration
Synonyms	Tooth staining, dental discoloration
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Changes in tooth color, staining
Complications	Psychological impact, dental caries
Onset	Can occur at any age
Duration	Varies depending on cause
Types	N/A
Causes	Extrinsic factors, intrinsic factors, age-related changes
Risks	Smoking, poor oral hygiene, certain foods and drinks
Diagnosis	Clinical examination, dental history
Differential diagnosis	Dental caries, enamel hypoplasia, fluorosis
Prevention	Good oral hygiene, regular dental check-ups, avoiding staining substances
Treatment	Professional cleaning, whitening treatments, veneers
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Generally good with treatment
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Cross sections of teeth with labels

VITA shade guide

VITA shade guide

Betel

Mild fluorosis

Fluorosis

Tooth discoloration

Tooth filling

Tooth Discoloration is a common dental condition characterized by changes in the color, hue, and translucency of teeth. It can be caused by various factors, including dietary habits, medications, and certain diseases.

Causes

Tooth discoloration can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Dietary habits: Consuming certain foods and drinks, such as coffee, tea, wine, and cola, can stain the teeth. Tobacco use can also cause tooth discoloration.
• Medications: Certain medications, such as tetracycline and doxycycline, can cause tooth discoloration. Antihistamines, antipsychotics, and high blood pressure medications can also cause discoloration.
• Diseases: Certain diseases can affect the enamel and dentin, leading to tooth discoloration. Treatments for certain conditions, such as chemotherapy and radiation, can also cause discoloration.
• Aging: As people age, the outer layer of enamel on their teeth gets worn away, revealing the naturally yellow dentin underneath.

Types

There are three main types of tooth discoloration:

• Extrinsic: This occurs when the outer layer of the tooth (the enamel) is stained. Coffee, wine, cola, and other drinks or foods can stain the teeth. Smoking also causes extrinsic stains.
• Intrinsic: This is when the inner structure of the tooth (the dentin) darkens or gets a yellow tint. This can be caused by exposure to too much fluoride as a child while teeth are developing.
• Age-related: This is a combination of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Dentin naturally yellows over time. The enamel that covers the teeth gets thinner with age, which allows the dentin to show through.

Treatment

Treatment for tooth discoloration depends on the cause and type of discoloration. Options may include:

• Professional teeth cleaning: This can remove most of the external stains caused by food and tobacco.
• Teeth whitening: This is a common solution for extrinsic and age-related discoloration. It involves a bleaching process that can be done at home or by a dentist.
• Dental veneers: These are custom shells made of porcelain or composite resin that cover the front sides of the teeth. They can be used to treat severe discoloration that doesn't respond to whitening.

Prevention

Preventing tooth discoloration involves maintaining good oral hygiene and making certain lifestyle changes. This includes:

• Brushing and flossing regularly
• Regular dental check-ups
• Limiting consumption of staining foods and drinks
• Quitting smoking

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