Phthisis bulbi: Difference between revisions

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'''Phthisis bulbi''' is a medical condition that refers to an atrophic, non-functional, and shrunken eye. This condition is usually the end result of severe eye disease or trauma.  
{{SI}}
 
{{Infobox medical condition
== Causes ==
| name            = Phthisis bulbi
Phthisis bulbi is often caused by severe eye diseases or trauma. Some of the common causes include [[retinal detachment]], [[endophthalmitis]], [[chronic retinal detachment]], [[chronic uveitis]], and [[ocular tumors]].
| image          = [[File:Phthisis_bulbi,_right_eye.jpg|left|thumb|Phthisis bulbi of the right eye]]
 
| caption        = Phthisis bulbi of the right eye
== Symptoms ==
| synonyms        = End-stage eye, Shrunken eye
The symptoms of phthisis bulbi can vary depending on the underlying cause. However, common symptoms include a decrease in vision, pain, and a noticeable change in the size and shape of the eye.
| specialty      = [[Ophthalmology]]
 
| symptoms        = [[Vision loss]], [[eye pain]], [[eye redness]], [[shrunken eye]]
== Diagnosis ==
| complications  = [[Blindness]], [[cosmetic disfigurement]]
The diagnosis of phthisis bulbi is usually made based on a thorough eye examination. This may include a [[slit lamp examination]], [[ultrasound]] of the eye, and [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI).  
| onset          = Variable
 
| duration        = Permanent
== Treatment ==
| causes          = [[Severe eye injury]], [[inflammation]], [[infection]], [[retinal detachment]], [[glaucoma]]
The treatment for phthisis bulbi is usually aimed at managing the symptoms and preventing further damage to the eye. This may include the use of [[eye drops]], [[pain medication]], and in some cases, [[surgery]].
| risks          = [[Eye trauma]], [[untreated eye disease]]
 
| diagnosis      = [[Clinical examination]], [[imaging studies]]
== Prognosis ==
| differential    = [[Microphthalmia]], [[enophthalmos]]
The prognosis for phthisis bulbi is generally poor, as the condition often results in loss of vision in the affected eye. However, with proper management, the symptoms can be controlled and further damage to the eye can be prevented.  
| treatment      = [[Prosthetic eye]], [[enucleation]], [[pain management]]
 
| prognosis      = Poor for vision recovery
== See also ==
| frequency      = Rare
* [[Eye disease]]
}}
* [[Eye trauma]]
{{Short description|Degenerative condition of the eye}}
* [[Retinal detachment]]
'''Phthisis bulbi''' is a degenerative condition of the [[eye]] characterized by shrinkage and disorganization of the intraocular contents. It is the end stage of various severe ocular diseases and injuries, leading to a non-functional eye.
==Pathophysiology==
Phthisis bulbi results from severe damage to the [[eye]] that leads to chronic inflammation, scarring, and atrophy of the ocular tissues. The condition can follow trauma, infection, or advanced [[glaucoma]], among other causes. The eye becomes shrunken and disorganized, often with calcification and ossification of the intraocular structures.
==Causes==
Phthisis bulbi can be caused by:
* Severe [[ocular trauma]]
* Chronic [[uveitis]]
* Advanced [[glaucoma]]
* Complications from [[eye surgery]]
* Infections such as [[endophthalmitis]]
* Retinal detachment with prolonged duration
==Clinical Features==
The clinical presentation of phthisis bulbi includes:
* A shrunken, disorganized eye
* Loss of vision
* Pain, which may be present in some cases
* Calcification or ossification within the eye
==Diagnosis==
Diagnosis of phthisis bulbi is primarily clinical, based on the history of ocular disease or trauma and the characteristic appearance of the eye. Imaging studies such as [[ultrasound]] or [[CT scan]] may be used to assess the extent of calcification or ossification.
==Management==
Management of phthisis bulbi focuses on alleviating symptoms and improving cosmetic appearance. Options include:
* Enucleation or evisceration if the eye is painful
* Fitting of a prosthetic eye for cosmetic purposes
==Prognosis==
Phthisis bulbi is an irreversible condition, and the affected eye is non-functional. The prognosis depends on the underlying cause and the presence of any complications.
==Prevention==
Preventive measures focus on early treatment of ocular diseases and injuries to prevent progression to phthisis bulbi. This includes prompt management of infections, control of intraocular pressure in glaucoma, and timely surgical intervention when necessary.
==See also==
* [[Glaucoma]]
* [[Uveitis]]
* [[Endophthalmitis]]
* [[Endophthalmitis]]
* [[Uveitis]]
* [[Ocular trauma]]
* [[Ocular tumors]]
 
[[Category:Eye diseases]]
[[Category:Eye diseases]]
[[Category:Eye disorders]]
[[Category:Eye conditions]]
{{stub}}

Latest revision as of 15:40, 8 April 2025

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC

Phthisis bulbi
Phthisis bulbi of the right eye
Synonyms End-stage eye, Shrunken eye
Pronounce N/A
Specialty Ophthalmology
Symptoms Vision loss, eye pain, eye redness, shrunken eye
Complications Blindness, cosmetic disfigurement
Onset Variable
Duration Permanent
Types N/A
Causes Severe eye injury, inflammation, infection, retinal detachment, glaucoma
Risks Eye trauma, untreated eye disease
Diagnosis Clinical examination, imaging studies
Differential diagnosis Microphthalmia, enophthalmos
Prevention N/A
Treatment Prosthetic eye, enucleation, pain management
Medication N/A
Prognosis Poor for vision recovery
Frequency Rare
Deaths N/A


Degenerative condition of the eye


Phthisis bulbi is a degenerative condition of the eye characterized by shrinkage and disorganization of the intraocular contents. It is the end stage of various severe ocular diseases and injuries, leading to a non-functional eye.

Pathophysiology[edit]

Phthisis bulbi results from severe damage to the eye that leads to chronic inflammation, scarring, and atrophy of the ocular tissues. The condition can follow trauma, infection, or advanced glaucoma, among other causes. The eye becomes shrunken and disorganized, often with calcification and ossification of the intraocular structures.

Causes[edit]

Phthisis bulbi can be caused by:

Clinical Features[edit]

The clinical presentation of phthisis bulbi includes:

  • A shrunken, disorganized eye
  • Loss of vision
  • Pain, which may be present in some cases
  • Calcification or ossification within the eye

Diagnosis[edit]

Diagnosis of phthisis bulbi is primarily clinical, based on the history of ocular disease or trauma and the characteristic appearance of the eye. Imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan may be used to assess the extent of calcification or ossification.

Management[edit]

Management of phthisis bulbi focuses on alleviating symptoms and improving cosmetic appearance. Options include:

  • Enucleation or evisceration if the eye is painful
  • Fitting of a prosthetic eye for cosmetic purposes

Prognosis[edit]

Phthisis bulbi is an irreversible condition, and the affected eye is non-functional. The prognosis depends on the underlying cause and the presence of any complications.

Prevention[edit]

Preventive measures focus on early treatment of ocular diseases and injuries to prevent progression to phthisis bulbi. This includes prompt management of infections, control of intraocular pressure in glaucoma, and timely surgical intervention when necessary.

See also[edit]

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