T-cell lymphoma: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma - | {{SI}} | ||
== | {{Infobox medical condition | ||
| name = T-cell lymphoma | |||
| image = [[File:Enteropathy-associated_T_cell_lymphoma_-_low_mag.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Micrograph of enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, a type of T-cell lymphoma. H&E stain. | |||
| field = [[Hematology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Lymphadenopathy]], [[fever]], [[night sweats]], [[weight loss]] | |||
| complications = [[Infection]], [[organ failure]] | |||
| onset = Variable, often in [[adulthood]] | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| types = [[Peripheral T-cell lymphoma]], [[Anaplastic large cell lymphoma]], [[Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma]], [[Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma]] | |||
| causes = [[Genetic mutations]], [[viral infections]] (e.g., [[HTLV-1]]) | |||
| risks = [[Immunosuppression]], [[autoimmune diseases]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Biopsy]], [[immunophenotyping]], [[genetic testing]] | |||
| differential = [[B-cell lymphoma]], [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[reactive lymphoid hyperplasia]] | |||
| treatment = [[Chemotherapy]], [[radiation therapy]], [[stem cell transplant]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on subtype and stage | |||
| frequency = Rare, varies by subtype | |||
}} | |||
'''T-cell lymphomas''' are a subset of lymphomas that primarily affect the T cells, which are a type of white blood cell playing a pivotal role in the immune response. They are distinct from B-cell lymphomas, which involve B cells. T-cell lymphomas constitute a minority of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, with various subtypes displaying different clinical and pathological features. | '''T-cell lymphomas''' are a subset of lymphomas that primarily affect the T cells, which are a type of white blood cell playing a pivotal role in the immune response. They are distinct from B-cell lymphomas, which involve B cells. T-cell lymphomas constitute a minority of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, with various subtypes displaying different clinical and pathological features. | ||
== Etiology == | == Etiology == | ||
Certain viral infections have been associated with T-cell lymphomas, notably the [[Epstein Barr virus]] and [[Human T-cell leukemia virus-1]] (HTLV-1). | Certain viral infections have been associated with T-cell lymphomas, notably the [[Epstein Barr virus]] and [[Human T-cell leukemia virus-1]] (HTLV-1). | ||
== Classification == | == Classification == | ||
There are several types of T-cell lymphomas, which can be classified into four major categories: | There are several types of T-cell lymphomas, which can be classified into four major categories: | ||
* '''[[Extranodal T cell lymphoma]]''': Often found outside of the lymph nodes. | * '''[[Extranodal T cell lymphoma]]''': Often found outside of the lymph nodes. | ||
* '''Cutaneous T cell lymphomas''': These primarily affect the skin and include conditions like: | * '''Cutaneous T cell lymphomas''': These primarily affect the skin and include conditions like: | ||
''' '''[[Sézary syndrome]]''' | |||
''' '''[[Mycosis fungoides]]''' | |||
* '''[[Anaplastic large cell lymphoma]]''': A type characterized by large cells. | * '''[[Anaplastic large cell lymphoma]]''': A type characterized by large cells. | ||
* '''[[Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma]]''': Known for its association with immune system reactions. | * '''[[Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma]]''': Known for its association with immune system reactions. | ||
There are other classification schemes based on the origin, behavior, and specific markers of the T-cell lymphomas. A comprehensive understanding requires detailed analysis and categorization by specialized hematopathologists. | There are other classification schemes based on the origin, behavior, and specific markers of the T-cell lymphomas. A comprehensive understanding requires detailed analysis and categorization by specialized hematopathologists. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosing T-cell lymphoma involves a combination of clinical examination, imaging tests, blood tests, and most importantly, a biopsy of the affected tissue. Through the biopsy, the type of lymphoma can be determined, which is crucial for deciding the most effective treatment strategy. | Diagnosing T-cell lymphoma involves a combination of clinical examination, imaging tests, blood tests, and most importantly, a biopsy of the affected tissue. Through the biopsy, the type of lymphoma can be determined, which is crucial for deciding the most effective treatment strategy. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment modalities for T-cell lymphomas vary depending on the subtype and the stage of the disease. Common approaches include: | Treatment modalities for T-cell lymphomas vary depending on the subtype and the stage of the disease. Common approaches include: | ||
| Line 27: | Line 38: | ||
* [[Immunotherapy]] | * [[Immunotherapy]] | ||
* [[Stem cell]] or [[bone marrow transplant]] | * [[Stem cell]] or [[bone marrow transplant]] | ||
Patient-specific factors, including age, overall health, and the presence of other conditions, also influence the choice of treatment. | Patient-specific factors, including age, overall health, and the presence of other conditions, also influence the choice of treatment. | ||
== Epidemiology == | == Epidemiology == | ||
T-cell lymphomas, while less common than B-cell lymphomas, still represent a significant subset of lymphatic cancers. They constitute about 8% of all cancers involving the same class of blood cell. Precursor T lymphoblastic cases account for 2%, while cutaneous T cell lymphomas also represent 2% of such cases. | T-cell lymphomas, while less common than B-cell lymphomas, still represent a significant subset of lymphatic cancers. They constitute about 8% of all cancers involving the same class of blood cell. Precursor T lymphoblastic cases account for 2%, while cutaneous T cell lymphomas also represent 2% of such cases. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[B-cell lymphoma]] | * [[B-cell lymphoma]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:31, 12 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| T-cell lymphoma | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Lymphadenopathy, fever, night sweats, weight loss |
| Complications | Infection, organ failure |
| Onset | Variable, often in adulthood |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma |
| Causes | Genetic mutations, viral infections (e.g., HTLV-1) |
| Risks | Immunosuppression, autoimmune diseases |
| Diagnosis | Biopsy, immunophenotyping, genetic testing |
| Differential diagnosis | B-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on subtype and stage |
| Frequency | Rare, varies by subtype |
| Deaths | N/A |
T-cell lymphomas are a subset of lymphomas that primarily affect the T cells, which are a type of white blood cell playing a pivotal role in the immune response. They are distinct from B-cell lymphomas, which involve B cells. T-cell lymphomas constitute a minority of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, with various subtypes displaying different clinical and pathological features.
Etiology[edit]
Certain viral infections have been associated with T-cell lymphomas, notably the Epstein Barr virus and Human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1).
Classification[edit]
There are several types of T-cell lymphomas, which can be classified into four major categories:
- Extranodal T cell lymphoma: Often found outside of the lymph nodes.
- Cutaneous T cell lymphomas: These primarily affect the skin and include conditions like:
Sézary syndrome Mycosis fungoides
- Anaplastic large cell lymphoma: A type characterized by large cells.
- Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: Known for its association with immune system reactions.
There are other classification schemes based on the origin, behavior, and specific markers of the T-cell lymphomas. A comprehensive understanding requires detailed analysis and categorization by specialized hematopathologists.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosing T-cell lymphoma involves a combination of clinical examination, imaging tests, blood tests, and most importantly, a biopsy of the affected tissue. Through the biopsy, the type of lymphoma can be determined, which is crucial for deciding the most effective treatment strategy.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment modalities for T-cell lymphomas vary depending on the subtype and the stage of the disease. Common approaches include:
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Immunotherapy
- Stem cell or bone marrow transplant
Patient-specific factors, including age, overall health, and the presence of other conditions, also influence the choice of treatment.
Epidemiology[edit]
T-cell lymphomas, while less common than B-cell lymphomas, still represent a significant subset of lymphatic cancers. They constitute about 8% of all cancers involving the same class of blood cell. Precursor T lymphoblastic cases account for 2%, while cutaneous T cell lymphomas also represent 2% of such cases.
See also[edit]
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| Leukaemias, lymphomas and related disease | ||||
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