Maxillary hypoplasia: Difference between revisions

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

No edit summary
Tag: visualeditor-wikitext
 
CSV import
 
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
{{SI}}
{{Infobox medical condition
| name            = Maxillary hypoplasia
| name            = Maxillary hypoplasia
| synonyms        =
| image          = [[File:Maxillary_Hypoplasia_1.jpg|250px]]
| image          = Maxillary Hypoplasia 1.jpg
| caption        = Lateral view of a patient with maxillary hypoplasia
| caption        =  
| field          = [[Orthodontics]], [[Oral and maxillofacial surgery]]
| pronounce      =
| synonyms        = Midface hypoplasia
| field          = [[ENT surgery]]
| symptoms        = [[Malocclusion]], [[nasal obstruction]], [[sleep apnea]], [[speech difficulties]]
| symptoms        =  
| complications  = [[Obstructive sleep apnea]], [[dental crowding]], [[facial asymmetry]]
| complications  =  
| onset          = Congenital or developmental
| onset          =  
| duration        = Lifelong
| duration        =  
| causes          = Genetic factors, [[cleft palate]], [[trauma]], [[syndromes]] such as [[Crouzon syndrome]], [[Apert syndrome]]
| types          =
| risks          = [[Genetic predisposition]], [[environmental factors]]
| causes          =  
| diagnosis      = [[Clinical examination]], [[cephalometric analysis]], [[3D imaging]]
| risks          =  
| differential    = [[Mandibular prognathism]], [[nasal deformities]]
| diagnosis      =  
| treatment      = [[Orthodontic treatment]], [[orthognathic surgery]], [[distraction osteogenesis]]
| differential    =  
| prognosis      = Variable, depending on severity and treatment
| prevention      =
| frequency      = Varies, more common in certain syndromes
| treatment      =  
| medication      =
| prognosis      =  
| frequency      =  
| deaths          =
}}
}}
'''Maxillary hypoplasia''' is an underdevelopment of the [[maxillary bone]]s, which produces midfacial retrusion and creates the illusion of protuberance (jutting forward) of the lower jaw. It is associated with [[Crouzon syndrome]], [[Angelman syndrome]],<ref>{{cite journal| pmc=2986680 | pmid=19455185 | doi=10.1038/ejhg.2009.67 | volume=17 | title=Angelman syndrome (AS, MIM 105830) | year=2009 | author=Van Buggenhout G, Fryns JP | journal=Eur J Hum Genet | pages=1367–73}}</ref> as well as [[fetal alcohol syndrome]]. It can also be associated with [[Cleft lip and cleft palate]]. Some people could develop it due to poor dental extractions.<ref name="wisegeekhealth.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-maxillary-hypoplasia.htm|title=What Is Maxillary Hypoplasia? (with picture)|website=Wisegeekhealth.com|accessdate=9 July 2018}}</ref>
{{Short description|A condition characterized by underdevelopment of the maxilla}}


==Signs and symptoms==
'''Maxillary hypoplasia''' is a condition characterized by the underdevelopment of the [[maxilla]], which is the upper jawbone. This condition can affect both the aesthetic appearance and functional aspects of the face, including [[occlusion (dentistry)|occlusion]], [[breathing]], and [[speech]].
The underdevelopment of the bones in the upper jaw, which gives the middle of the face a sunken look and makes the lower jaw seem like it is sticking out, even if anatomically it is normal.<ref name="wisegeekhealth.com"/> This makes it difficult to eat and can cause future problems for the patient, such as, [[Nasopharyngeal airway]] restriction, which can then lead to back pain, neck pain, and numbness in the hands and arms, due to constant forward head posture. This restriction can also lead to [[Sleep apnea]] and snoring. Sleep apnea can lead to heart problems, endocrine problems, increased weight, [[cognition]] problems, etc.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thinkbetterlife.com/maxillary-hypoplasia-a-cosmetic-problem-with-postural-physiologic-implications-including-sleep-apnea/|title=Maxillary Hypoplasia|date=26 September 2014|website=Thinkbetterlife.com|accessdate=9 July 2018}}</ref>
==Anatomy of the Maxilla==
 
The [[maxilla]] is a crucial bone in the facial skeleton, forming the upper jaw and part of the [[orbit (anatomy)|orbit]], the nasal cavity, and the [[hard palate]]. It plays a significant role in the alignment of the teeth and the overall facial structure.
==Treatment==
==Causes of Maxillary Hypoplasia==
Corrective surgery is the most common treatment to correct this disorder. It involves the repositioning of the upper jaw to align with the lower jaw, to provide symmetry. It is best performed during childhood, if possible, to allow the jaw to recover and develop. The surgery may be performed in consultation with an [[Orthodontics|Orthodontist]] who works on repositioning the teeth in the mouth.<ref name="wisegeekhealth.com"/>
Maxillary hypoplasia can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
 
* '''Genetic factors''': Certain genetic conditions, such as [[cleft lip and palate]], can lead to underdevelopment of the maxilla.
<youtube>
* '''Environmental factors''': Prenatal exposure to certain substances or conditions can affect maxillary development.
title='''Documentary Film - {{PAGENAME}}'''
* '''Trauma''': Injury to the facial region during developmental years can result in maxillary hypoplasia.
movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/Loe1sLT5HLc
* '''Syndromes''': Conditions such as [[Crouzon syndrome]] and [[Apert syndrome]] are associated with craniofacial abnormalities, including maxillary hypoplasia.
&rel=1
==Symptoms and Diagnosis==
embed_source_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/Loe1sLT5HLc
Symptoms of maxillary hypoplasia may include:
&rel=1
* '''Facial asymmetry''': The face may appear imbalanced due to the underdeveloped maxilla.
wrap = yes
* '''Malocclusion''': Misalignment of the teeth, often resulting in an [[underbite]].
width=750
* '''Breathing difficulties''': Due to the impact on the nasal cavity.
height=600
* '''Speech difficulties''': Resulting from altered oral cavity structure.
</youtube>
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical examination and imaging studies, such as [[X-ray|X-rays]] or [[CT scan|CT scans]], to assess the extent of the hypoplasia.
 
==Treatment Options==
===Recovery===
Treatment for maxillary hypoplasia often involves a multidisciplinary approach, including:
The recovery time after the surgery depends on the extent of the surgery itself. Patients are usually advised to eat soft foods for days, or sometimes weeks, to allow their jaw time to heal. They also require regular checkups with the doctor to monitor bone displacement, signs of infection, or other issues.<ref name="wisegeekhealth.com"/>
* '''Orthodontics''': To correct dental alignment and occlusion.
 
* '''Surgery''': [[Orthognathic surgery]] may be necessary to reposition the maxilla and improve facial symmetry.
==References==
* '''Prosthetics''': In some cases, dental prosthetics can help improve function and appearance.
{{Reflist}}
==Prognosis==
 
With appropriate treatment, individuals with maxillary hypoplasia can achieve significant improvements in both function and appearance. Early intervention often leads to better outcomes.
== External links ==
==See also==
{{Medical resources
* [[Orthognathic surgery]]
|  DiseasesDB    = 34904
* [[Cleft lip and palate]]
|  ICD10          = {{ICD10|K|07|0|k|00}} 
* [[Crouzon syndrome]]
|  ICD9          = {{ICD9|524.03}}
* [[Apert syndrome]]
|  ICDO          =
[[Category:Craniofacial disorders]]
|  OMIM          = 
[[Category:Congenital disorders]]
|  MedlinePlus    =
|  eMedicineSubj  =
|  eMedicineTopic =
|  MeshID        =  
}}
{{Dentofacial anomalies and jaw disease}}
 
[[Category:Jaw disorders]]
 
 
{{disease-stub}}
{{dentistry-stub}}

Latest revision as of 03:31, 8 April 2025

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC

Maxillary hypoplasia
Synonyms Midface hypoplasia
Pronounce N/A
Specialty N/A
Symptoms Malocclusion, nasal obstruction, sleep apnea, speech difficulties
Complications Obstructive sleep apnea, dental crowding, facial asymmetry
Onset Congenital or developmental
Duration Lifelong
Types N/A
Causes Genetic factors, cleft palate, trauma, syndromes such as Crouzon syndrome, Apert syndrome
Risks Genetic predisposition, environmental factors
Diagnosis Clinical examination, cephalometric analysis, 3D imaging
Differential diagnosis Mandibular prognathism, nasal deformities
Prevention N/A
Treatment Orthodontic treatment, orthognathic surgery, distraction osteogenesis
Medication N/A
Prognosis Variable, depending on severity and treatment
Frequency Varies, more common in certain syndromes
Deaths N/A


A condition characterized by underdevelopment of the maxilla


Maxillary hypoplasia is a condition characterized by the underdevelopment of the maxilla, which is the upper jawbone. This condition can affect both the aesthetic appearance and functional aspects of the face, including occlusion, breathing, and speech.

Anatomy of the Maxilla[edit]

The maxilla is a crucial bone in the facial skeleton, forming the upper jaw and part of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the hard palate. It plays a significant role in the alignment of the teeth and the overall facial structure.

Causes of Maxillary Hypoplasia[edit]

Maxillary hypoplasia can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

  • Genetic factors: Certain genetic conditions, such as cleft lip and palate, can lead to underdevelopment of the maxilla.
  • Environmental factors: Prenatal exposure to certain substances or conditions can affect maxillary development.
  • Trauma: Injury to the facial region during developmental years can result in maxillary hypoplasia.
  • Syndromes: Conditions such as Crouzon syndrome and Apert syndrome are associated with craniofacial abnormalities, including maxillary hypoplasia.

Symptoms and Diagnosis[edit]

Symptoms of maxillary hypoplasia may include:

  • Facial asymmetry: The face may appear imbalanced due to the underdeveloped maxilla.
  • Malocclusion: Misalignment of the teeth, often resulting in an underbite.
  • Breathing difficulties: Due to the impact on the nasal cavity.
  • Speech difficulties: Resulting from altered oral cavity structure.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical examination and imaging studies, such as X-rays or CT scans, to assess the extent of the hypoplasia.

Treatment Options[edit]

Treatment for maxillary hypoplasia often involves a multidisciplinary approach, including:

  • Orthodontics: To correct dental alignment and occlusion.
  • Surgery: Orthognathic surgery may be necessary to reposition the maxilla and improve facial symmetry.
  • Prosthetics: In some cases, dental prosthetics can help improve function and appearance.

Prognosis[edit]

With appropriate treatment, individuals with maxillary hypoplasia can achieve significant improvements in both function and appearance. Early intervention often leads to better outcomes.

See also[edit]

Retrieved from "https://wikimd.com/index.php?title=Maxillary_hypoplasia&oldid=6547829"