Chylomicron retention disease: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Chylomicron retention disease | | name = Chylomicron retention disease | ||
| | | image = [[File:2512_Chylomicrons_Contain_Triglycerides_Cholesterol_Molecules_and_Other_Lipids.jpg|250px]] | ||
| caption = Chylomicrons contain triglycerides, cholesterol molecules, and other lipids | |||
| | | synonyms = Anderson's disease | ||
| pronounce = | | pronounce = | ||
| | | specialty = [[Gastroenterology]], [[Genetics]] | ||
| symptoms = | | symptoms = [[Failure to thrive]], [[steatorrhea]], [[fat malabsorption]] | ||
| complications = | | complications = [[Vitamin deficiency]], [[growth retardation]] | ||
| onset = | | onset = [[Infancy]] | ||
| duration = | | duration = [[Chronic]] | ||
| types = | | types = | ||
| causes = | | causes = [[Genetic mutation]] in the [[SAR1B]] gene | ||
| risks = | | risks = | ||
| diagnosis = | | diagnosis = [[Genetic testing]], [[blood test]] | ||
| differential = | | differential = [[Abetalipoproteinemia]], [[Cystic fibrosis]] | ||
| prevention = | | prevention = | ||
| treatment = | | treatment = [[Dietary management]], [[vitamin supplementation]] | ||
| medication = | | medication = | ||
| prognosis = | | prognosis = | ||
| frequency = | | frequency = Rare | ||
| deaths = | | deaths = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Chylomicron retention disease''' is a disorder | {{Short description|A rare genetic disorder affecting lipid metabolism}} | ||
'''Chylomicron retention disease''' (CRD), also known as '''Anderson's disease''', is a rare [[autosomal recessive disorder]] that affects the body's ability to absorb and transport dietary [[lipids]]. This condition is characterized by the improper formation and secretion of [[chylomicrons]], which are lipoprotein particles responsible for the transport of dietary [[triglycerides]], [[cholesterol]], and [[fat-soluble vitamins]] from the [[intestine]] to other parts of the body. | |||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
Chylomicron retention disease is caused by mutations in the [[SAR1B gene]], which encodes a protein involved in the transport of chylomicrons from the [[endoplasmic reticulum]] to the [[Golgi apparatus]] within [[enterocytes]]. This defect leads to the accumulation of chylomicrons in the enterocytes, preventing their release into the [[lymphatic system]] and subsequently into the [[bloodstream]]. As a result, individuals with CRD have low levels of circulating chylomicrons and [[lipoproteins]], leading to [[hypocholesterolemia]] and [[hypotriglyceridemia]]. | |||
== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
Patients with chylomicron retention disease typically present in infancy or early childhood with symptoms related to malabsorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Common clinical features include: | |||
* [[Steatorrhea]] (fatty stools) | |||
* [[Failure to thrive]] | |||
[[ | * [[Growth retardation]] | ||
* [[Muscle weakness]] | |||
* [[Neurological symptoms]] due to vitamin E deficiency, such as [[ataxia]] and [[peripheral neuropathy]] | |||
* [[Retinitis pigmentosa]] | |||
== | |||
* | |||
*Failure to thrive | |||
*[[ | |||
* | |||
* | |||
* | |||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of chylomicron retention disease is based on clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and genetic testing. Key diagnostic features include: | |||
* | * Low levels of [[plasma triglycerides]] and [[cholesterol]] | ||
* | * Low levels of fat-soluble vitamins, particularly [[vitamin E]] | ||
* | * Genetic testing revealing mutations in the SAR1B gene | ||
==Management== | |||
Management of chylomicron retention disease focuses on dietary modifications and supplementation to address the malabsorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Treatment strategies include: | |||
* A low-fat diet to reduce the burden on the impaired lipid transport system | |||
* Supplementation with fat-soluble vitamins, especially vitamin E, to prevent neurological complications | |||
== | * Monitoring of growth and development in children | ||
==Prognosis== | |||
* | With appropriate dietary management and vitamin supplementation, individuals with chylomicron retention disease can lead relatively normal lives. However, early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prevent irreversible complications, particularly those affecting the nervous system. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | * [[Lipid metabolism disorders]] | ||
* [[Hypocholesterolemia]] | |||
* [[Fat malabsorption]] | |||
* [[Autosomal recessive disorders]] | |||
[[Category:Genetic disorders]] | |||
[[Category:Metabolic disorders]] | |||
[[Category:Rare diseases]] | |||
[[Category: | |||
Latest revision as of 02:07, 5 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Chylomicron retention disease | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Anderson's disease |
| Pronounce | |
| Specialty | Gastroenterology, Genetics |
| Symptoms | Failure to thrive, steatorrhea, fat malabsorption |
| Complications | Vitamin deficiency, growth retardation |
| Onset | Infancy |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | |
| Causes | Genetic mutation in the SAR1B gene |
| Risks | |
| Diagnosis | Genetic testing, blood test |
| Differential diagnosis | Abetalipoproteinemia, Cystic fibrosis |
| Prevention | |
| Treatment | Dietary management, vitamin supplementation |
| Medication | |
| Prognosis | |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | |
A rare genetic disorder affecting lipid metabolism
Chylomicron retention disease (CRD), also known as Anderson's disease, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that affects the body's ability to absorb and transport dietary lipids. This condition is characterized by the improper formation and secretion of chylomicrons, which are lipoprotein particles responsible for the transport of dietary triglycerides, cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins from the intestine to other parts of the body.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Chylomicron retention disease is caused by mutations in the SAR1B gene, which encodes a protein involved in the transport of chylomicrons from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus within enterocytes. This defect leads to the accumulation of chylomicrons in the enterocytes, preventing their release into the lymphatic system and subsequently into the bloodstream. As a result, individuals with CRD have low levels of circulating chylomicrons and lipoproteins, leading to hypocholesterolemia and hypotriglyceridemia.
Clinical Features[edit]
Patients with chylomicron retention disease typically present in infancy or early childhood with symptoms related to malabsorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Common clinical features include:
- Steatorrhea (fatty stools)
- Failure to thrive
- Growth retardation
- Muscle weakness
- Neurological symptoms due to vitamin E deficiency, such as ataxia and peripheral neuropathy
- Retinitis pigmentosa
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of chylomicron retention disease is based on clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and genetic testing. Key diagnostic features include:
- Low levels of plasma triglycerides and cholesterol
- Low levels of fat-soluble vitamins, particularly vitamin E
- Genetic testing revealing mutations in the SAR1B gene
Management[edit]
Management of chylomicron retention disease focuses on dietary modifications and supplementation to address the malabsorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Treatment strategies include:
- A low-fat diet to reduce the burden on the impaired lipid transport system
- Supplementation with fat-soluble vitamins, especially vitamin E, to prevent neurological complications
- Monitoring of growth and development in children
Prognosis[edit]
With appropriate dietary management and vitamin supplementation, individuals with chylomicron retention disease can lead relatively normal lives. However, early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prevent irreversible complications, particularly those affecting the nervous system.
