T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia | |||
| image = [[File:Prolymphocyte.png|left|thumb|Prolymphocyte]] | |||
| caption = Micrograph of a prolymphocyte, the cell type characteristic of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia | |||
| field = [[Hematology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Lymphadenopathy]], [[hepatosplenomegaly]], [[skin rash]], [[fatigue]], [[night sweats]], [[weight loss]] | |||
| complications = [[Infection]], [[anemia]], [[thrombocytopenia]] | |||
| onset = Typically in [[adulthood]] | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| types = [[T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]] | |||
| causes = [[Genetic mutations]] | |||
| risks = [[Age]], [[genetic predisposition]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood test]], [[bone marrow biopsy]], [[immunophenotyping]] | |||
| differential = [[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]], [[Sezary syndrome]], [[Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma]] | |||
| treatment = [[Chemotherapy]], [[immunotherapy]], [[stem cell transplant]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally poor | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
{{DISPLAYTITLE:T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia}} | {{DISPLAYTITLE:T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia}} | ||
'''T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia''' (T-PLL) is a rare and aggressive form of [[leukemia]] that affects the [[T lymphocyte|T-cells]], a type of [[white blood cell]] that plays a crucial role in the [[immune system]]. This condition is characterized by the proliferation of abnormal T-cells in the [[blood]], [[bone marrow]], and other tissues. | '''T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia''' (T-PLL) is a rare and aggressive form of [[leukemia]] that affects the [[T lymphocyte|T-cells]], a type of [[white blood cell]] that plays a crucial role in the [[immune system]]. This condition is characterized by the proliferation of abnormal T-cells in the [[blood]], [[bone marrow]], and other tissues. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
T-PLL is caused by genetic mutations that lead to the uncontrolled growth of T-cells. These mutations often involve the [[T-cell receptor]] genes and other regulatory genes that control cell growth and apoptosis. The abnormal T-cells in T-PLL are typically larger than normal T-cells and have a distinct appearance under the microscope, known as prolymphocytes. | T-PLL is caused by genetic mutations that lead to the uncontrolled growth of T-cells. These mutations often involve the [[T-cell receptor]] genes and other regulatory genes that control cell growth and apoptosis. The abnormal T-cells in T-PLL are typically larger than normal T-cells and have a distinct appearance under the microscope, known as prolymphocytes. | ||
==Clinical Presentation== | ==Clinical Presentation== | ||
Patients with T-PLL often present with symptoms such as fatigue, night sweats, and weight loss. Physical examination may reveal [[lymphadenopathy]], [[hepatosplenomegaly]], and skin lesions. Laboratory findings typically show a high white blood cell count with a predominance of abnormal T-cells. | Patients with T-PLL often present with symptoms such as fatigue, night sweats, and weight loss. Physical examination may reveal [[lymphadenopathy]], [[hepatosplenomegaly]], and skin lesions. Laboratory findings typically show a high white blood cell count with a predominance of abnormal T-cells. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of T-PLL is based on a combination of clinical findings, laboratory tests, and [[bone marrow biopsy]]. Flow cytometry is used to identify the specific immunophenotype of the T-cells, which is crucial for distinguishing T-PLL from other types of leukemia. Cytogenetic analysis may reveal characteristic chromosomal abnormalities. | The diagnosis of T-PLL is based on a combination of clinical findings, laboratory tests, and [[bone marrow biopsy]]. Flow cytometry is used to identify the specific immunophenotype of the T-cells, which is crucial for distinguishing T-PLL from other types of leukemia. Cytogenetic analysis may reveal characteristic chromosomal abnormalities. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment options for T-PLL are limited and often involve [[chemotherapy]] and [[immunotherapy]]. The monoclonal antibody [[alemtuzumab]] is commonly used in the treatment of T-PLL. In some cases, [[hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]] may be considered, especially in younger patients. | Treatment options for T-PLL are limited and often involve [[chemotherapy]] and [[immunotherapy]]. The monoclonal antibody [[alemtuzumab]] is commonly used in the treatment of T-PLL. In some cases, [[hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]] may be considered, especially in younger patients. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for T-PLL is generally poor, with a median survival of less than two years. The aggressive nature of the disease and its resistance to conventional therapies contribute to the poor outcome. | The prognosis for T-PLL is generally poor, with a median survival of less than two years. The aggressive nature of the disease and its resistance to conventional therapies contribute to the poor outcome. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Leukemia]] | * [[Leukemia]] | ||
* [[T lymphocyte]] | * [[T lymphocyte]] | ||
* [[Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]] | * [[Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]] | ||
{{Hematology}} | {{Hematology}} | ||
[[Category:Leukemia]] | [[Category:Leukemia]] | ||
[[Category:Hematology]] | [[Category:Hematology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:22, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, skin rash, fatigue, night sweats, weight loss |
| Complications | Infection, anemia, thrombocytopenia |
| Onset | Typically in adulthood |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia |
| Causes | Genetic mutations |
| Risks | Age, genetic predisposition |
| Diagnosis | Blood test, bone marrow biopsy, immunophenotyping |
| Differential diagnosis | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Sezary syndrome, Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, stem cell transplant |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Generally poor |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare and aggressive form of leukemia that affects the T-cells, a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. This condition is characterized by the proliferation of abnormal T-cells in the blood, bone marrow, and other tissues.
Pathophysiology[edit]
T-PLL is caused by genetic mutations that lead to the uncontrolled growth of T-cells. These mutations often involve the T-cell receptor genes and other regulatory genes that control cell growth and apoptosis. The abnormal T-cells in T-PLL are typically larger than normal T-cells and have a distinct appearance under the microscope, known as prolymphocytes.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
Patients with T-PLL often present with symptoms such as fatigue, night sweats, and weight loss. Physical examination may reveal lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and skin lesions. Laboratory findings typically show a high white blood cell count with a predominance of abnormal T-cells.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of T-PLL is based on a combination of clinical findings, laboratory tests, and bone marrow biopsy. Flow cytometry is used to identify the specific immunophenotype of the T-cells, which is crucial for distinguishing T-PLL from other types of leukemia. Cytogenetic analysis may reveal characteristic chromosomal abnormalities.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment options for T-PLL are limited and often involve chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab is commonly used in the treatment of T-PLL. In some cases, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be considered, especially in younger patients.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for T-PLL is generally poor, with a median survival of less than two years. The aggressive nature of the disease and its resistance to conventional therapies contribute to the poor outcome.
